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N with malus towards none - Genesis Nursery

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Ancient Greek was written in ALL CAPS and<br />

THEREWASNOSPACEBETWEENTHEWORDSORNOPUNCTUATIONITWASJUSTONEBIGLONGWO<br />

RDTHEREISANEWTESTAMENTQUOTEABOUTRIGHTLYDIVIDINGTHEWORDYOUREALLYHADT<br />

OKNOWHOWTODOIT.<br />

After Borror 1960 pp 116-117<br />

The following letters are Modern Greek as applied to Ancient Greek<br />

Α α alpha Ν ν nu<br />

Β β beta Ξ ξ xi<br />

Γ γ gamma Ο ο omicron<br />

Δ δ delta Π π pi<br />

Ε ε, ϵ epsilon Ρ ρ rho<br />

Ζ ζ zeta Σ, Ϲ σ, ς sigma<br />

Η η eta Τ τ tau<br />

Θ θ theta Υ υ upsilon<br />

Ι ι iota Φ ϕ phi<br />

Κ κ kappa Χ χ chi (khi)<br />

Λ λ lambda Ψ ψ psi<br />

Μ µ mu Ω ω omega<br />

The lower case letters are a medieval afterthought, a separate alphabet developed for cursive in the<br />

Middle Ages, as are lower case Roman letters. Lower case Greek letters can throw one. g looks like y, e looks<br />

like n, n looks like v, r looks like p, y looks like u, and many letters don’t look like anything familiar.<br />

Lower case kappa and chi can be very tricky in some fonts, especially Times. κ,κ, χ. Be careful.<br />

Three lower case letters have forms typically, but not exclusively different in modern versus classical writings.<br />

Theta was classically mostly ϑ, and modern mostly θ, and phi classically mostly ϕ, modern sometimes also φ.<br />

(I generally use φ as a matter of esthetics.) Epsilon ε or ϵ.<br />

u psilon means ‘simple or narrow u, plain u’; e psilon means ‘simple or narrow e, plain e’; o micron<br />

means ‘little or small o”; o mega means ‘big or large o’.<br />

The following letters are primarily obsolete letters from the Euboean Greek (or Western Greek, but<br />

some sources lump Euboean in “Eastern Greek”) alphabet that was used in southern Italy, and adapted by the<br />

Etruscans and later evolved into the Roman alphabet. Others are from other epichoric dialects. They may<br />

have been used more numerically than alphabetically. Sampi was used more as a numeral than as a letter.<br />

Bactrian was an Iranian language written <strong>with</strong> the Greek alphabet and was used in the far eastern part of<br />

Alexander the Great’s empire and the Seleucid empire.<br />

Ϝ ϝ digamma, originally wau w<br />

Ϻ ϻ san s<br />

Ϟ ϟ, Ϙ ϙ koppa, qoppa q<br />

Ϡ ϡ sampi (disigma) ss<br />

Pamphylian digamma noted a ‘v’ sound in some dialects.<br />

heta notes the h sound before a vowel, replaced by the dasia.<br />

Ϛ ς stigma st, the ligature of sigma and tau.<br />

Ϸϸ sho sh, to write Bactrian, Greek alphabet of ancient Afghanistan.<br />

ϳ yod, yot never an symbol in old alphabets, j sound rare but it existed.

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