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8 natural resources system), the SES (the socio-economic system), and the AIS (the administrative and institutional system). In the following sections information will be grouped according to this theoretical framework. Figure 1 - Conceptual framework for a Water Resource Systems analysis (after UNESCO 2005) 2.1 The study area The study area includes 16 hydrolographical basins covering the provinces of Siracusa and Ragusa, South-East Sicily, 4,300 km 2 (out of 25,000 km 2 of total regional area) inhabited by about 850,000 permanent resident (out of 4,968,900 of total regional population). The area is not equipped with inter-basins water carrier networks. Figure n.2 shows the study area and its hydrographic basins.
Figure 2 – The study area 9 2.2 Climatic conditions According to the Köppen climate classification, one of the most widely used climate classification systems (Peel et al, 2007), Sicily belongs to the Group C: Temperate 1 /mesothermal 2 climates, sub-groups Csa, Csb: Mediterranean climate. Central areas of the island belong to the Group B: Dry, arid and semiarid 3 climates. The city of Enna, for instance, is a classic example of Group B sub-climatic group Bsh. Among others, one of the characteristics of this group is that precipitations are less than potential evapotranspiration (Beck et al. 2006). During summer, Sicily, being part of the Mediterranean basin, is dominated by subtropical high pressure cells, with dry sinking air capping a surface marine layer of varying humidity but making rainfall impossible or unlikely. During winter the polar jet stream and associated periodic storms reach into the lower latitudes of the Mediterranean zones, bringing rain, with snow at higher elevations. As a result, Sicily receives almost all of their yearly rainfall during the winter season, and during the 1 TemperThe changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally mild, rather than extreme hot or cold (FAO, 2008) 2 It has a moderate amount of heat, with winters not cold enough to sustain snow cover. Summers are warm within oceanic climate regimes, and hot within continental climate regimes (FAO, 2008). 3 A Semi-arid climate or steppe climate generally describes climatic regions that receive low annual rainfall (250-500 mm), (FAO, 2008).
Page 1 and 2: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Page 3 and 4: Abstract I The Sicilian water balan
Page 5 and 6: Tables of contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
Page 7 and 8: Figures and tables V Figure 1 - Con
Page 9 and 10: 1 1 Introduction The Sicilian water
Page 11 and 12: 3 1.2 Water Balance Assessment One
Page 13 and 14: 5 In the initial process of any wat
Page 15: 7 almost exclusively with the use o
Page 19 and 20: 11 Figure 3 - Rainfall distribution
Page 21 and 22: Figure 6 - Qualitative features of
Page 23 and 24: 15 The aquifer is generally modestl
Page 25 and 26: 17 2.5.1 Potential vulnerability 5
Page 27 and 28: 3 Methodology 19 Two different mode
Page 29 and 30: 21 The objective function is subjec
Page 31 and 32: 23 to the output. This is not the c
Page 33 and 34: Ri = Runoff, rivers, lakes, reservo
Page 35 and 36: U j = s ∑ r = 1 u r 27 for r = 1,
Page 37 and 38: 29 C = smoothness of the internal p
Page 39 and 40: 31 The resulting polygons of every
Page 41 and 42: 33 c) The location of supply nodes
Page 43 and 44: 35 In the network made of 13 arcs t
Page 45 and 46: 37 and 600 mm per year. Springs and
Page 47 and 48: 39 Agricultural 13.4 4.4 - - Na 17.
Page 49 and 50: Basin: TELLARO Code: 19086 Area: 38
Page 51 and 52: 43 plant: and the Fiumara Grande an
Page 53 and 54: 45 total balance (table 14) of the
Page 55 and 56: 47 Table 15 - Arc length, and eleva
Page 57 and 58: 49 4.5 The Costs of Transshipment T
Page 59 and 60: 51 Figure 16 - Transhipment optimal
Page 61 and 62: 53 general equilibrium between the
Page 63 and 64: 55 6 References Agnew C. and Anders
Page 65 and 66: 57 Commissario Delegato per l'Emerg
Page 67 and 68:
59 Peel M. C., Finlayson B. L., and
Page 69 and 70:
ANNEX A Transportation script MODEL
Page 71 and 72:
ANNEX C Global optimal solution fou
Page 73 and 74:
65 Global optimal solution found. T
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