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Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies A water distribution system in Sicily: optimization options for the provinces of Siracusa and Ragusa Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of "Master of Science" (or “Master of Arts”) By Salvatore Campisi Under the Supervision of Prof. Gideon Oron Department of Environmental Hydrology & Microbiology Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR) Author's signature …………….……………………… Date ……………. Approved by the Supervisor…………….……………. Date ……………. Approved by the Chairman of the Graduated Program Committee …….………… Date ………
Abstract I The Sicilian water balance, on a yearly base, shows a substantial equilibrium between the total water demand and total water supply. Nevertheless a closer analysis, at basin level reveals a local situation of dramatic shortages both in terms of spatial and temporal distribution of water resources. Given an unbalanced allocation of water resources in the provinces of Siracusa and Ragusa, South East Sicily, this work seeks the optimization of inter-basin water distribution through the analysis of several theoretical aqueduct schemes. The methods used for this study belong to the disciplinary area of operational research with special focus on linear programming of transportation problems. In practice, two different mathematical models were built: a transportation model and a transshipment model. They were solved using commercially available software. The research started from the collection of data in order to assess demand and supply of water at basin scale, then data where processed and used in the model. Results show that the study area is in fact supplied with a total amount of water sufficient to meet total water demand. Nevertheless, water resources are distributed unevenly. The model determines which branches of a theoretical aqueduct should be used and how much water should be transported such that the total transportation cost is minimized and each and every demand is satisfied. This work provides a first approximation of feasible routs and directions of transportation of water in the study area. The working procedure can be easily applied to different and larger areas. The results obtained do not take into consideration investment costs and are not meant to inform any decision but they can support to taking decision on which on which hypothesis would deserve a full feasibility study. This is in line with a research method operating in terms of progressive improvement of analysis and continual sophistication of decision support systems.
Page 1: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Page 5 and 6: Tables of contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
Page 7 and 8: Figures and tables V Figure 1 - Con
Page 9 and 10: 1 1 Introduction The Sicilian water
Page 11 and 12: 3 1.2 Water Balance Assessment One
Page 13 and 14: 5 In the initial process of any wat
Page 15 and 16: 7 almost exclusively with the use o
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2 - The study area 9 2.2 Cli
Page 19 and 20: 11 Figure 3 - Rainfall distribution
Page 21 and 22: Figure 6 - Qualitative features of
Page 23 and 24: 15 The aquifer is generally modestl
Page 25 and 26: 17 2.5.1 Potential vulnerability 5
Page 27 and 28: 3 Methodology 19 Two different mode
Page 29 and 30: 21 The objective function is subjec
Page 31 and 32: 23 to the output. This is not the c
Page 33 and 34: Ri = Runoff, rivers, lakes, reservo
Page 35 and 36: U j = s ∑ r = 1 u r 27 for r = 1,
Page 37 and 38: 29 C = smoothness of the internal p
Page 39 and 40: 31 The resulting polygons of every
Page 41 and 42: 33 c) The location of supply nodes
Page 43 and 44: 35 In the network made of 13 arcs t
Page 45 and 46: 37 and 600 mm per year. Springs and
Page 47 and 48: 39 Agricultural 13.4 4.4 - - Na 17.
Page 49 and 50: Basin: TELLARO Code: 19086 Area: 38
Page 51 and 52: 43 plant: and the Fiumara Grande an
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45 total balance (table 14) of the
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47 Table 15 - Arc length, and eleva
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49 4.5 The Costs of Transshipment T
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51 Figure 16 - Transhipment optimal
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53 general equilibrium between the
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55 6 References Agnew C. and Anders
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57 Commissario Delegato per l'Emerg
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59 Peel M. C., Finlayson B. L., and
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ANNEX A Transportation script MODEL
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ANNEX C Global optimal solution fou
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65 Global optimal solution found. T
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