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Acknowledgement II Special thanks to my supervisor Prof. Gideon Oron for sharing his unique capabilities of foreseen, clearly and in advance, scientific risks and opportunities, for his kind guidance and his precious friendship. Special tanks to Dr. Leonid Gillerman for congruent precise, effective, and always kind suggestions. Thanks to the entire academic body of the Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), that has been always a source of inspiration. Special thanks to the administrative, didactical and scientific management, in particular to Mss. Dorit Levin, Dr. Drora Kaplan, and Prof. Eilon Adar for being in turn engine and soul of all of us. Thanks to my colleagues with whom I shared precious time, sincere friendship and surprising knowledge. And always thanks to my parents, my mother Lucia and my father Rosario for having been willing to accept my absence from home with loving faith. Thanks to my sister Manuela for her practical advices and thanks to the reader that will be so kind to read this work.
Tables of contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 THE ARID REALM AND THE SICILIAN WATER MANAGEMENT 1 1.2 WATER BALANCE ASSESSMENT 3 III 1.3 RELEVANCE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE WATER BALANCE APPROACH 4 1.4 TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR WATER SHORTAGES: INTER-BASIN TRANSPORTATION OF WATER 5 1.5 PUMPED STORAGE HYDROELECTRICITY 6 1.6 OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 6 1.7 LINEAR PROGRAMMING 7 2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR THE WATER ISSUE IN SICILY 7 2.1 THE STUDY AREA 8 2.2 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 9 2.3 RAINFALL TREND IN SICILY: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION 10 2.4 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN SICILY: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIO 12 2.4.1 Volcanic aquifer of Etna 12 2.4.2 Miocenic calcareous aquifer in the area of Ragusa 12 2.4.3 Volcanic aquifer in the area of Lentini 12 2.4.4 Plio-quaternary sandy-calcarenitic aquifer 13 2.4.5 Alluvial aquifer 13 2.5 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN SICILY: QUALITY ASPECTS 14 2.5.1 Potential vulnerability of the water strata to contamination 16 2.6 MAIN ECONOMICS (AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY, POPULATION) 17 3 METHODOLOGY 18 3.1 THE TRANSPORTATION MODEL 18 3.2 USES AND FUNCTION OF THE TRANSPORTATION MODEL 21 3.3 THE TRANSSHIPMENT MODEL 21 3.4 PARAMETERS OF THE MODEL 23 3.4.1 Units of Water Supply 23 3.4.2 Surplus and Deficit of Water at Basin Level 26 3.5 THE UNIT TRANSPORTATION COST 27 3.5.1 Positive Cij 27 3.5.2 Negative Cij 29
Page 1 and 2: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Page 3: Abstract I The Sicilian water balan
Page 7 and 8: Figures and tables V Figure 1 - Con
Page 9 and 10: 1 1 Introduction The Sicilian water
Page 11 and 12: 3 1.2 Water Balance Assessment One
Page 13 and 14: 5 In the initial process of any wat
Page 15 and 16: 7 almost exclusively with the use o
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2 - The study area 9 2.2 Cli
Page 19 and 20: 11 Figure 3 - Rainfall distribution
Page 21 and 22: Figure 6 - Qualitative features of
Page 23 and 24: 15 The aquifer is generally modestl
Page 25 and 26: 17 2.5.1 Potential vulnerability 5
Page 27 and 28: 3 Methodology 19 Two different mode
Page 29 and 30: 21 The objective function is subjec
Page 31 and 32: 23 to the output. This is not the c
Page 33 and 34: Ri = Runoff, rivers, lakes, reservo
Page 35 and 36: U j = s ∑ r = 1 u r 27 for r = 1,
Page 37 and 38: 29 C = smoothness of the internal p
Page 39 and 40: 31 The resulting polygons of every
Page 41 and 42: 33 c) The location of supply nodes
Page 43 and 44: 35 In the network made of 13 arcs t
Page 45 and 46: 37 and 600 mm per year. Springs and
Page 47 and 48: 39 Agricultural 13.4 4.4 - - Na 17.
Page 49 and 50: Basin: TELLARO Code: 19086 Area: 38
Page 51 and 52: 43 plant: and the Fiumara Grande an
Page 53 and 54: 45 total balance (table 14) of the
Page 55 and 56:
47 Table 15 - Arc length, and eleva
Page 57 and 58:
49 4.5 The Costs of Transshipment T
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51 Figure 16 - Transhipment optimal
Page 61 and 62:
53 general equilibrium between the
Page 63 and 64:
55 6 References Agnew C. and Anders
Page 65 and 66:
57 Commissario Delegato per l'Emerg
Page 67 and 68:
59 Peel M. C., Finlayson B. L., and
Page 69 and 70:
ANNEX A Transportation script MODEL
Page 71 and 72:
ANNEX C Global optimal solution fou
Page 73 and 74:
65 Global optimal solution found. T
Page 75 and 76:
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