EuroSDR Projects - Host Ireland

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2.1.3 IGN Test Site Amiens This study site, with a high density of small buildings is located in the city of Amiens in Northern France. Airborne images were part of a digital acquisition (June 23 rd 2001) using IGN’s digital camera. The images were in TIFF-format. The ground pixel size is around 25 cm. The main characteristic of these acquisitions is the large overlap rate (around 80%) between the different images: each point of the terrain appears on a large number of images. Amiens consists of four strips with a total of eleven images. Laser acquisition with a density of 4 points per m 2 came from the TopoSys system. A digitised cadastral map, with 2D description of buildings is in DXF-format. 18 Figure 2-7: Amiens test site. Figure 2-8: Amiens test site (TopoSys).
2.2 Reference Data 2.2.1 Field Measurements On FGI test sites Espoonlahti, Hermanni and Senaatti reference data was collected from November to December 2003 using a Trimble 5602 DR200+ tacheometer. Measured targets included corners of walls, roofs, chimneys and equivalent constructions as well as ground points next to building corners. Altogether, about 980 points were measured in Espoonlahti, 400 points in Hermanni and 200 points in Senaatti. Known points were used to orientate the tacheometer to the test site’s coordinate system. In Espoonlahti, points provided by Espoo City Survey Division were used, but the coordinates were transformed from Espoo’s own coordinate system to Finnish National Grid using transformation parameters by the National Land Survey of Finland. After the transformation, one known point was used to determine a small systematic shift to correct the error in the transformation; same point was used as reference point in the laser data and the aerial image data. All known points used in Espoonlahti were also measured using RTK-GPS equipment to ensure that there were no gross errors. In Hermanni, points provided by Helsinki City Survey Division were used. In Senaatti, the tacheometer was orientated to Helsinki’s rectangular coordinate system by measuring corners of buildings (coordinates were obtained from the cadastral map) and height was obtained by measuring a known height point in the area. On all three FGI test sites, repeated observations to the same targets from different station setups were made to control the uniformity and accuracy of reference measurements. The differences in these repeated measurements were on average 4.7 cm in plan (max 8.3 cm) and 1.2 cm in height (max 3.5 cm) based on nineteen control observations in total. It is a fact that distance measurement directly to the surface of e.g. a building wall is affected by the angle between the wall and the measuring beam, especially on long distances (as the laser footprint expands). This effect can also be seen in those control measurements where measured distances were somewhat longer than those mainly used in this test, thus, giving a slightly more pessimistic value of the total accuracy expected. 2.2.2 Aerial Images Reference data for the Amiens test site included thirty-two roof points measured manually from aerial images. The given accuracy (standard deviation) of these points was 25 cm for X, Y and Z. Reference data was measured and delivered by IGN. 2.2.3 Ground Plans After some minor updating and refinements on the basis of reference measurements in the field, the cadastral maps of Helsinki and Espoo City Survey Division were used to produce raster images of building ground plans with a pixel size of 10 X 10 cm 2 for the test sites Hermanni and Espoonlahti. 19
Page 1 and 2: European Spatial Data Research Nove
Page 3 and 4: PRESIDENT 2006 - 2008: Stig Jönsso
Page 5 and 6: H. Kaartinen and J. Hyyppä: EVALUA
Page 7 and 8: 4.3.1 Data and study area..........
Page 9: 2 QUESTIONNAIRES...................
Page 13 and 14: Abstract The objective of the EuroS
Page 15 and 16: The analysis of the structural qual
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2-3: Hermanni test site. Fig
Page 19: Espoonlahti Hermanni Senaatti Photo
Page 23 and 24: Used data Time use Laser Aerial Gro
Page 25 and 26: Step 3: Import to CCModeler Figure
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3-4: Sequence of manual phot
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3-8: Workflow of laser scann
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3-11: Parametric building mo
Page 33 and 34: Each group of connected pixels clas
Page 35 and 36: Figure 3-18: Topological points and
Page 37 and 38: Detailed Description (Letters refer
Page 39 and 40: assumption is made: the two longest
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3-25: A 3D building model wi
Page 43 and 44: ICC used the same methods as Nebel
Page 45 and 46: where p75th is the value at the 75
Page 47 and 48: CyberCity Stuttgart Hamburg IGN ICC
Page 49 and 50: CyberCity Hamburg Stuttgart IGN ICC
Page 51 and 52: Height Cyber- City Hamburg Stuttgar
Page 53 and 54: Height Cyber- City Stuttgart IGN IC
Page 55 and 56: Height Cyber- City Stuttgart IGN IC
Page 57 and 58: Height Cyber- City HamburgStuttgart
Page 59 and 60: Height Cyber- City HamburgStuttgart
Page 61 and 62: All targets Eaves Ridges Height IGN
Page 63 and 64: CyberCity achieved a good quality i
Page 65 and 66: Point density, shadowing of trees a
Page 67 and 68: Height accuracy IQR [m] 1.6 1.4 1.2
Page 69 and 70: All Cyber- Ham- ICC laser+ Nebel+ I
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All Cyber- HamStutt- ICC laser+ Neb
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In building length determination (F
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degrees, std 6.3 degrees). In Senaa
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5 Discussion and Conclusions It can
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References Alharthy A. and Bethe, J
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Fraser, C.S., Baltsavias, E. and Gr
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Khoshelham K., 2004. Building Extra
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Sequeira, V., Ng, K., Wolfart, E.,
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Index of Figures Figure 2-1: Senaat
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Index of Tables Table 2-1: Aerial i
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90 Senaatti by Delft. Wireframe mod
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92 Espoonlahti by IGN, with and wit
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94 Senaatti by IGN, with and withou
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96 Hermanni by Aalborg.
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98 CyberCity ICC laser+aerial ICC l
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100 IGN FOI outlines Nebel+Partner
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Difference Images, Whole Test Site,
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Difference Images, Whole Test Site,
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Difference Images, Modelled Buildin
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Difference Images, Modelled Buildin
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EuroSDR-Project Commission 2 “Ima
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2 Project highlights The project Ch
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116 Feature Characteristics Object
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New are those combinations that ind
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120 Figure 4-1: Orthophotomosaic fr
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4.1.2 Segmentation The first step o
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124 Class Features Vegetation Ratio
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4.1.4 Change map As the results of
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Two types of changes were assigned
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130 Figure 4-11: Evaluation of chan
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132 Figure 4-13: Orthophotos of stu
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different villages were identified
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136 Figure 4-16: Change maps of Swi
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spectral reflectance. Shadows (blac
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140 Figure 4-19: Change map of Germ
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Figure 4-21: Diagnostics as given b
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144 Automatic Accepted Rejected Hum
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4.4.2 Segmentation, classification
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differentiated very well. The chang
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150 Figure 4-31: Ultracam real-colo
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152 Figure 4-35: Classification of
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154 Figure 4-38: Subset of change m
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5 Conclusions and Outlook In this p
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Annex 1 EuroSDR Change Detection Wo
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What is the impact of changing spat
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Annex 2 Paper presented at IGARSS05
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covering 2 x 2 km with reference da
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170 Red roof Bright object 0 20 40
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Annex 3 EuroSDR CD Workshop Nicosia
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176 method 1 indicates land cover c
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Annex 4 Comments on change map by B
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enzen mehr zu erwarten. Doch laut
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Abstract The EuroSDR “Sensor and
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2 Test Sites and Test Data The test
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Figure 3: Data set Fjärdhundra, ag
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The map of Sweden is only available
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3.2 Accounting for Different Acquis
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4 Analysis 4.1 Basic Information In
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4.2.2 Linear Objects Since it is no
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5 Results of Phase I 5.1 Test Site
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5.1.2 Qualitative Comparison In add
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140,0 120,0 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20
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5.3 Test Site Oberpfaffenhofen 5.3.
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140,0 120,0 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20
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cies in analysis. The following fig
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5.4.2 Qualitative Comparison The ra
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Acknowledgments We thank all partic
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Index of Tables Table 1: Contest Ph
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Abstract Roads are important object
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overview over the whole area. We ra
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m and above no longer plays an impo
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3 Test Data and Evaluation Criteria
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and straight enough. • Markus Ger
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Name (best) Test area Completeness
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• ADS40_1 and 2: Results for both
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• Ikonos1_Sub1: This image shows
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Figure 7: Ikonos3_Sub1 - Bacher; co
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Finally, we want to note some impor
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load nor response time for anybody
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Zhang, C., 2004. Towards an Operati
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objects, and their cooperation with
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Belgium, provided by their NMCAs. H
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Possibly only parts of images will
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How many people are employed in you
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7. What is the average time differe
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- what is the degree of completenes
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Appendix 3: Questionnaire for Resea
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If others please specify: 2. What d
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Complex crossings (more than 4 road
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Combination of a) or b) with c) [0]
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If yes, using: DTM and / or [2] D
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Appendix 4: General Characteristics
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Most important features for practic
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IKONOS The images come from the SI
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Appendix 6: Documentation by Beumie
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Appendix 8: Documentation by Zhang
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LIST OF OEEPE/EuroSDR OFFICIAL PUBL
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25 Ducher, G.: Test on Orthophoto a
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EuroSDR Projects - Host Ireland

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