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sources on the graphs for Pa, Fa. BeP, and BaP . Three compounds (fa. 8eP and 8 aP) indicate influence ofpetroleum sources at station 946 , whi le Fa and Chy show their presence at station 945. Finally at least a single grap b demollSlrates that petroleum contribution is possible at stations Wh (Pa), 953 (Py), and 1021(Fa). A two component model mass balance analysis (Appendix A6) further allows the relationships between combustion andpetroleum sources to be quantitatively estimated (Fig. 4.2.7). The pattern generated from the mass balance calculations is similar to the previously described, with two major zones ofhigh petroleum input. However, this anal ysis indicates that petroleum sources might play even man: important role than it was suggested by the isotopic profiles. The first region ofelevated petroleum importance is again the Western Basin (stations 974 through 966). At station 97 1 (Detroit), the significance ofpetroleum is demonstrated by all compounds, with BePfBaP (75%) indicating the highest andFa the lowe st ( I0 % ) contribution. Another station with elevated petroleum input (BePIBaJh:9O%) is site 969 located close 10 the Ohio shore. Fina lly, the highest petroleum contribution (BePfBaP : 100%) is seen at station 966 in the vicinity ofthe northern shore. Conversely, station 974 (Toledo), shows the least petroleum influence in the basin . However, three compounds, BePlBaP (60%), Py (40%), and Chy (15%), still indicate its presence in the PAR assemblage. Simi lar to the isotopic profiles, the contribution from petroleum sources also seems to be important in the northern part ofthe Central Basin (Wh, 953, 95 l , 1021,946,945). 120
Figure 4.2.7 The relative contribution ofcombustio n and petrolewn sources estimated using the two-componenc mass balance model (Appendix A6). The utilized isotopic signatures of primary sources are those reported by Stark et of. ( 1995 ) for the lower Great Lakes region (Appendix A4 ).
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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN
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composition. Portions ofthe lake th
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TABLE OF CONTENTS . ABSTRAcr._._ _
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6. CONCLUSIONS_._ _....._._._ _ ._
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FIGURE 3.104 CONfIGURATION OF ISOCH
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FIGURE 4 .2.12 SAMPLES AND PROMINEN
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fIGURE 5.3.1 DESCR1Pl1VE MODEL OF S
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APPENDIX B 3 _ T HEoerwt Of A PtUNC
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Ip » Ideno(l,2.3 cd)pyrene NIST =
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Figure L 1.1 The 16 parental polycy
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After release by the primary source
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decomposition processes (O'Malley e
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Figure 2.1.1 The Great Lakes draina
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;: Duluth Chicago 1 J Lake Superior
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are the Black River, the Cuyaho ga
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Figure 1.1.5 The pattern of permane
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sedimentary basins, Western. Centra
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Figure 2. 1.8 Summer (July) air and
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Natural Resources: The lower Great
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American waters under the current U
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continuously overflowed com bined s
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3.1 EXPERIMENTAL 3. METHODS 3.1.1 S
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Table 3,1.1 Locations and types ofs
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Figure 3.12 Extraction and purifica
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hexane. 2) the unsaturated aliphati
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this problem. Ratios ofthe two stab
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Figure 3. 1.4 Configuration ofIsoch
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3.2.1 UNl- AND BIVAJUATE METHODS Th
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f igure 3.2. 1 Mean and range (± s
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utilized the same instrument (Isoch
Page 90 and 91: Selecting lIt1J'iahlu: It was demon
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Page 95 and 96: seven variables with fewer missing
Page 97 and 98: analysis also employed a greate r n
Page 99: description. The second cluster ana
Page 104 and 105: elationships between different site
Page 107: Figure 4.1.3 Regression ofthree fir
Page 112: Figure 4.[.5 Isotopic composition (
Page 116: Figure 4.1.6 Weights ofvariables (c
Page 120: Figure 4.1.8 Distri bution ofsample
Page 123 and 124: those at the majority ofstations. S
Page 126 and 127: Ion, 969, 971, 357, 358). In additi
Page 129: Figure 4.2.3 Samples and prominent
Page 132 and 133: analysis supported some ofthc previ
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Page 137 and 138: 11'
Page 139: sources (Fi g. 4.2 .5c). This compo
Page 146 and 147: ".1.1.2 Miring CllrIIU (isotopic co
Page 149: Figure 42.9 Samples and promin ent
Page 157: Figure 4.2. 13 Samples and prominen
Page 168 and 169: It is difficult to differentiate be
Page 170 and 171: Figure 4.2.18 Weights ofvariables (
Page 172: Figure 42.19 Distribution ofsamples
Page 175 and 176: 5.1 SPATIAL DI STRIBUTION s. DISCUS
Page 177: f igure 5.1.1 Zones coinciding with
Page 180: f igure 5. 1.2 Average and range (
Page 184: Figure 5.1.4 Zones (clusters) in th
Page 187: Figure 5.1.5 Direction ofthe mean s
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The location ofthe third station at
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Figure 5.1.7 Station locations and
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5.1.4 and Section 4.1.2). This clus
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Figure 5.1.1 1 Statioo locations an
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unaffected by the contaminated flow
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this station is die clo$esf to the
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samples and sources (Fig. 52.1 and
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There is yet another observation po
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with the relative contribution ofdi
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Table S.l.1 Six dusters identified
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the three previous ly identified zo
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contribution from petroleum related
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(Fig. 4.2.7). Finally. this site co
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Snow melt and sewer releases seem t
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importance ofcombustion-derived PAR
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Intens ity o(degradation (the South
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where this importance is somewhat r
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Figure 5.2.5 Station tocatices andz
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:2 for molecular composition assume
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ange of Slatistica1 variat ion of t
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Figure 5.].1 Descriptive model ofso
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conveyed into the river through dir
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molecular composition. Its applicat
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Canton L. and Grimal t 1. O. (1992)
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Howell E. T., Marvin C. H., Bilyea
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Olson F. C. W. (l950) The currents
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Willett P. (1981) Similarity and cl
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t Apprndb AI. [cout.) bl S,.lioD A<
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Appendill A6. The two-component mas
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Appendix A7. (cont.) Xl. = X llVt r
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• ass
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Appendix 82. (cont.)
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Appendix IU. (cant.) oj Tue Dec 24
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AppendiI C3. (cont.) Coo c.eo lrati
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