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are the Black River, the Cuyaho ga River and the Ashtabula River. The only significant fluvial inpt4 along the northern shore is provided by the Grand River, which enten the lake in its eastern part. TheNia gara River in the east is the major outlet through which water exits the lake. CurrelJl oanem: The above pattern of influx and outflow combined with bottom topography , predominant wind direction and shore line configuration is responsible for the speci fic pattern ofsurface cin:ulation observed in the lake. The powerful flow ofthe Detroit River is injccled inrc the western part ofthe lake where it veers in different directions (Fig. 2.1.4). However, due to the specific bottom topogr1lpb.y and the shore line configw-ation. the major flow is diverted in the easterty dim:tion. The eastward flow in the central pan is mostly restricted 10the southern shore where it entrains the whole water colwnn (Thomas et al., 1976). Further in tbe east, tbe rapidly increasing hydraulic gradient rushes water out ofthe lake through the N'lagan River outlet. In additi on, the predominant winds ofsoutherly and southwesterly directions induce: Ekman circulation in the central regions. The latter resu lts in a built up ofwater along the southern shore. North-weste rly directed com pensatory bottom currents balance out the hydraulic gradient (Hamblin, 1971; Fig. 2.1.5). Amoog othercircuJatioo patterns, clockwise and counterclockwise gyres found in the Central and Eastern Basins are the most prominent (Fig. 2.1,6; Saylor and Miller, 1987). SedimenlaliOll rrgim e: The location oftri bularies., bank: slability and bottom morphologydetermine the genera.I sedimentation pattern within the lake. Three distinct 17
Figure 1.1A The pattern of pennanent surface circulation in lake Erie. The arrows represent direction ofsurface flow and longshore drift. (Modified from Hamblin. 1971 and Risticand Ristic , 1985.)
Page 3: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN
Page 6 and 7: composition. Portions ofthe lake th
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS . ABSTRAcr._._ _
Page 10: 6. CONCLUSIONS_._ _....._._._ _ ._
Page 13 and 14: FIGURE 3.104 CONfIGURATION OF ISOCH
Page 15 and 16: FIGURE 4 .2.12 SAMPLES AND PROMINEN
Page 17 and 18: fIGURE 5.3.1 DESCR1Pl1VE MODEL OF S
Page 19 and 20: APPENDIX B 3 _ T HEoerwt Of A PtUNC
Page 21 and 22: Ip » Ideno(l,2.3 cd)pyrene NIST =
Page 23: Figure L 1.1 The 16 parental polycy
Page 26 and 27: After release by the primary source
Page 28: decomposition processes (O'Malley e
Page 32: Figure 2.1.1 The Great Lakes draina
Page 35 and 36: ;: Duluth Chicago 1 J Lake Superior
Page 41: Figure 1.1.5 The pattern of permane
Page 45 and 46: sedimentary basins, Western. Centra
Page 48: Figure 2. 1.8 Summer (July) air and
Page 52: Natural Resources: The lower Great
Page 57 and 58: American waters under the current U
Page 60 and 61: continuously overflowed com bined s
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 EXPERIMENTAL 3. METHODS 3.1.1 S
Page 66 and 67: Table 3,1.1 Locations and types ofs
Page 68: Figure 3.12 Extraction and purifica
Page 72 and 73: hexane. 2) the unsaturated aliphati
Page 75: this problem. Ratios ofthe two stab
Page 78: Figure 3. 1.4 Configuration ofIsoch
Page 82 and 83: 3.2.1 UNl- AND BIVAJUATE METHODS Th
Page 84: f igure 3.2. 1 Mean and range (± s
Page 87 and 88:
utilized the same instrument (Isoch
Page 90 and 91:
Selecting lIt1J'iahlu: It was demon
Page 92 and 93:
w- _ 71
Page 95 and 96:
seven variables with fewer missing
Page 97 and 98:
analysis also employed a greate r n
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description. The second cluster ana
Page 104 and 105:
elationships between different site
Page 107:
Figure 4.1.3 Regression ofthree fir
Page 112:
Figure 4.[.5 Isotopic composition (
Page 116:
Figure 4.1.6 Weights ofvariables (c
Page 120:
Figure 4.1.8 Distri bution ofsample
Page 123 and 124:
those at the majority ofstations. S
Page 126 and 127:
Ion, 969, 971, 357, 358). In additi
Page 129:
Figure 4.2.3 Samples and prominent
Page 132 and 133:
analysis supported some ofthc previ
Page 135 and 136:
, ", Is , , >\ ryr " II ,- - , I ,
Page 137 and 138:
11'
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sources (Fi g. 4.2 .5c). This compo
Page 143:
Figure 4.2.7 The relative contribut
Page 146 and 147:
".1.1.2 Miring CllrIIU (isotopic co
Page 149:
Figure 42.9 Samples and promin ent
Page 153:
Page 157:
Figure 4.2. 13 Samples and prominen
Page 161:
Page 165:
Page 168 and 169:
It is difficult to differentiate be
Page 170 and 171:
Figure 4.2.18 Weights ofvariables (
Page 172:
Figure 42.19 Distribution ofsamples
Page 175 and 176:
5.1 SPATIAL DI STRIBUTION s. DISCUS
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f igure 5.1.1 Zones coinciding with
Page 180:
f igure 5. 1.2 Average and range (
Page 184:
Figure 5.1.4 Zones (clusters) in th
Page 187:
Figure 5.1.5 Direction ofthe mean s
Page 191 and 192:
The location ofthe third station at
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Figure 5.1.7 Station locations and
Page 197:
Page 201 and 202:
5.1.4 and Section 4.1.2). This clus
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Figure 5.1.1 1 Statioo locations an
Page 208 and 209:
unaffected by the contaminated flow
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this station is die clo$esf to the
Page 213 and 214:
samples and sources (Fig. 52.1 and
Page 216 and 217:
There is yet another observation po
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with the relative contribution ofdi
Page 221 and 222:
Table S.l.1 Six dusters identified
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the three previous ly identified zo
Page 226:
Page 229 and 230:
contribution from petroleum related
Page 231 and 232:
(Fig. 4.2.7). Finally. this site co
Page 233 and 234:
Snow melt and sewer releases seem t
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importance ofcombustion-derived PAR
Page 237 and 238:
Intens ity o(degradation (the South
Page 239 and 240:
where this importance is somewhat r
Page 241:
Figure 5.2.5 Station tocatices andz
Page 244 and 245:
:2 for molecular composition assume
Page 247 and 248:
ange of Slatistica1 variat ion of t
Page 249:
Figure 5.].1 Descriptive model ofso
Page 252 and 253:
conveyed into the river through dir
Page 254 and 255:
molecular composition. Its applicat
Page 256 and 257:
Canton L. and Grimal t 1. O. (1992)
Page 258 and 259:
Howell E. T., Marvin C. H., Bilyea
Page 260 and 261:
Olson F. C. W. (l950) The currents
Page 263 and 264:
Willett P. (1981) Similarity and cl
Page 266:
t Apprndb AI. [cout.) bl S,.lioD A<
Page 271 and 272:
Appendill A6. The two-component mas
Page 273:
Appendix A7. (cont.) Xl. = X llVt r
Page 277:
• ass
Page 281:
Appendix 82. (cont.)
Page 285:
Appendix IU. (cant.) oj Tue Dec 24
Page 290:
AppendiI C3. (cont.) Coo c.eo lrati
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