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unaffected by the contaminated flow and results in lowest PAM concentration within the Western Basin (Fig. 4.1.1, 4.1.4a). The absence ofsediment laden flow at this site is also confinned by the low sedimentation rates observed here (Fig. 5.1.6). However, total PAM concentration at this station is somewhat higher that at the majority ofsites within the cluster (Fig. 4.I.4a), while the isotopic composition ofPAH assemblage resembles that at Detroit (Fig. 4.2.la). This peripberallnfluence ofthe Detroit River flow seems to make this station transitional between clusters 2 and 3. The incorporation ofstation 966 into this cluster (Fig. 5.1.1) can be attributed to somewhat different reasons. The flow ofthe Detroit River in this part ofthe Western Basin is deflected towards the shore and thus would incvi&bly hit the station. This is indicated by high ly elevated PAH concentrations as compared to other stations in the cl uster (Fig. 4.1.1. 4.I.4a). However. the isotopi c composition oftbis station demonstrates the lightest values in the range (Fig. 4.1.5, 4.1 .83, 5.1.4). This characteristic signature implies presence ofa local source ofPAH pollution depleted in ,sIlC . In the Eastern Basin. the incorporation ofstation 932 (Fig. 5.LI) can again be attributed to the specific circulation pattern observed here . The flow ofthe only close fluvi al system, the Grand River , docs not seem to significantly affect this station. This is indicated by the directions ofdrift objects studied by Canada Center for lnJand Waters (Hamblin, 197 1; Fig. S.U 3). The figures show instead that station 932 is affectedby the flow originating in the central part ofthe Central Basin while the outflow ofthe Grand River seems to proceed along the northern shore towards the Niagara River outlet. Since 186
Figure 5. t .13 Driftobject tracks in the Eastern Basin. (After Hamblin, 1971 .) Note that the surface flow in the northern part ofthe basin is confined to the shore. Station 932 seems to be primarily affected by flow originating in the centra l part ofthe Centra l Basin.
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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN
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composition. Portions ofthe lake th
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TABLE OF CONTENTS . ABSTRAcr._._ _
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6. CONCLUSIONS_._ _....._._._ _ ._
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FIGURE 3.104 CONfIGURATION OF ISOCH
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FIGURE 4 .2.12 SAMPLES AND PROMINEN
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fIGURE 5.3.1 DESCR1Pl1VE MODEL OF S
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APPENDIX B 3 _ T HEoerwt Of A PtUNC
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Ip » Ideno(l,2.3 cd)pyrene NIST =
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Figure L 1.1 The 16 parental polycy
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After release by the primary source
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decomposition processes (O'Malley e
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Figure 2.1.1 The Great Lakes draina
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;: Duluth Chicago 1 J Lake Superior
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are the Black River, the Cuyaho ga
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Figure 1.1.5 The pattern of permane
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sedimentary basins, Western. Centra
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Figure 2. 1.8 Summer (July) air and
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Natural Resources: The lower Great
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American waters under the current U
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continuously overflowed com bined s
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3.1 EXPERIMENTAL 3. METHODS 3.1.1 S
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Table 3,1.1 Locations and types ofs
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Figure 3.12 Extraction and purifica
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hexane. 2) the unsaturated aliphati
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this problem. Ratios ofthe two stab
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Figure 3. 1.4 Configuration ofIsoch
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3.2.1 UNl- AND BIVAJUATE METHODS Th
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f igure 3.2. 1 Mean and range (± s
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utilized the same instrument (Isoch
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Selecting lIt1J'iahlu: It was demon
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w- _ 71
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seven variables with fewer missing
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analysis also employed a greate r n
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description. The second cluster ana
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elationships between different site
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Figure 4.1.3 Regression ofthree fir
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Figure 4.[.5 Isotopic composition (
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Figure 4.1.6 Weights ofvariables (c
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Figure 4.1.8 Distri bution ofsample
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those at the majority ofstations. S
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Ion, 969, 971, 357, 358). In additi
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Figure 4.2.3 Samples and prominent
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analysis supported some ofthc previ
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, ", Is , , >\ ryr " II ,- - , I ,
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11'
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sources (Fi g. 4.2 .5c). This compo
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Figure 4.2.7 The relative contribut
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".1.1.2 Miring CllrIIU (isotopic co
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Figure 42.9 Samples and promin ent
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Figure 4.2.11 Samples and prominent
Page 157: Figure 4.2. 13 Samples and prominen
Page 161: Figure 4.2.15 Samples and prominent
Page 165: Figure 4.2.17 Samples and prominent
Page 168 and 169: It is difficult to differentiate be
Page 170 and 171: Figure 4.2.18 Weights ofvariables (
Page 172: Figure 42.19 Distribution ofsamples
Page 175 and 176: 5.1 SPATIAL DI STRIBUTION s. DISCUS
Page 177: f igure 5.1.1 Zones coinciding with
Page 180: f igure 5. 1.2 Average and range (
Page 184: Figure 5.1.4 Zones (clusters) in th
Page 187: Figure 5.1.5 Direction ofthe mean s
Page 191 and 192: The location ofthe third station at
Page 193: Figure 5.1.7 Station locations and
Page 201 and 202: 5.1.4 and Section 4.1.2). This clus
Page 204: Figure 5.1.1 1 Statioo locations an
Page 211 and 212: this station is die clo$esf to the
Page 213 and 214: samples and sources (Fig. 52.1 and
Page 216 and 217: There is yet another observation po
Page 218 and 219: with the relative contribution ofdi
Page 221 and 222: Table S.l.1 Six dusters identified
Page 224 and 225: the three previous ly identified zo
Page 229 and 230: contribution from petroleum related
Page 231 and 232: (Fig. 4.2.7). Finally. this site co
Page 233 and 234: Snow melt and sewer releases seem t
Page 235 and 236: importance ofcombustion-derived PAR
Page 237 and 238: Intens ity o(degradation (the South
Page 239 and 240: where this importance is somewhat r
Page 241: Figure 5.2.5 Station tocatices andz
Page 244 and 245: :2 for molecular composition assume
Page 247 and 248: ange of Slatistica1 variat ion of t
Page 249: Figure 5.].1 Descriptive model ofso
Page 252 and 253: conveyed into the river through dir
Page 254 and 255: molecular composition. Its applicat
Page 256 and 257: Canton L. and Grimal t 1. O. (1992)
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Howell E. T., Marvin C. H., Bilyea
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Olson F. C. W. (l950) The currents
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Willett P. (1981) Similarity and cl
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t Apprndb AI. [cout.) bl S,.lioD A<
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Appendill A6. The two-component mas
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Appendix A7. (cont.) Xl. = X llVt r
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• ass
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Appendix 82. (cont.)
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Appendix IU. (cant.) oj Tue Dec 24
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AppendiI C3. (cont.) Coo c.eo lrati
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