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molecular composition. Its application is espec iall y important when the identification of ori ginal PAH sources is the objective. In conclusion, it is essential to emphasize that the presented scheme ofspatial d istribution is very general. and is subject to the limitations imposed by spatial resolution ofthe sampling program. More detailed coverage for the Central and espec ially Eastern Basin s would be necessary to affitm the patterns suggested fOr' these areas. Additional samples from sites close to the mouths ofdifferent tributaries would probably allow the major sources and pathways of PAH to the lacustrine sediments to be further clarified. Fina lly. more infonnation on molecular and isotopic signatures ofdifferent primary and secondary sources that could possibly contribute to the PAH inventory oflake sediments wilt be required for a more detai led PAH source apportionment of Lake Erie. 232
7. REFERENCES Abrajano T. A. Jr.• O'Malley V. P., Eakin P. and HellouJ. (1993) Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine environments. In Organicgeochemistry, poster sessionsfrom the 16th international meeting on organic geochemistry, Stawmger /993. pp. 664-667. Falch Hurtingrykk, Os lo. Alsberg T., Stenburg U., Westerholm R., Strande ll M., Rannug U.• Sundvall A., Romert L., Bernson V., Pcttersson B., Toftgard R., Franzen 8 ., Jansson M., Gustafsson J. A., Egeback K. E. and Tejle G. (1985) Chemical and biological characterization of organic material from gasoline exhaust particles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19,4349. Andelman 1. B. and Snodgrass J . E. (1972) Incidence and significance ofpolynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the water envirorunent. eRe Cri'. Rev. Eviron. Contr. 4(1).69.83. Barnsley E. A. (975) The bacterial degradation offluoranthene andbenzo(a)pyrene. Can. J. Microbia l. 21, 1004-1008. Bedford K. W. ( 1992) The physical effects 011 the Great Lakes on tributaries and wetlands. 1. Great Lakes Res. 18(4), 571· 589. Bieger T. (1994) Molecular and isotopic fingerprinting ofbydrocarbons in Conception Bay, Newfoundland. M.S
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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN
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composition. Portions ofthe lake th
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TABLE OF CONTENTS . ABSTRAcr._._ _
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6. CONCLUSIONS_._ _....._._._ _ ._
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FIGURE 3.104 CONfIGURATION OF ISOCH
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FIGURE 4 .2.12 SAMPLES AND PROMINEN
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fIGURE 5.3.1 DESCR1Pl1VE MODEL OF S
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APPENDIX B 3 _ T HEoerwt Of A PtUNC
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Ip » Ideno(l,2.3 cd)pyrene NIST =
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Figure L 1.1 The 16 parental polycy
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After release by the primary source
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decomposition processes (O'Malley e
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Figure 2.1.1 The Great Lakes draina
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;: Duluth Chicago 1 J Lake Superior
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are the Black River, the Cuyaho ga
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Figure 1.1.5 The pattern of permane
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sedimentary basins, Western. Centra
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Figure 2. 1.8 Summer (July) air and
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Natural Resources: The lower Great
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American waters under the current U
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continuously overflowed com bined s
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3.1 EXPERIMENTAL 3. METHODS 3.1.1 S
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Table 3,1.1 Locations and types ofs
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Figure 3.12 Extraction and purifica
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hexane. 2) the unsaturated aliphati
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this problem. Ratios ofthe two stab
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Figure 3. 1.4 Configuration ofIsoch
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3.2.1 UNl- AND BIVAJUATE METHODS Th
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f igure 3.2. 1 Mean and range (± s
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utilized the same instrument (Isoch
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Selecting lIt1J'iahlu: It was demon
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w- _ 71
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seven variables with fewer missing
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analysis also employed a greate r n
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description. The second cluster ana
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elationships between different site
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Figure 4.1.3 Regression ofthree fir
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Figure 4.[.5 Isotopic composition (
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Figure 4.1.6 Weights ofvariables (c
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Figure 4.1.8 Distri bution ofsample
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those at the majority ofstations. S
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Ion, 969, 971, 357, 358). In additi
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Figure 4.2.3 Samples and prominent
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analysis supported some ofthc previ
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, ", Is , , >\ ryr " II ,- - , I ,
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11'
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sources (Fi g. 4.2 .5c). This compo
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Figure 4.2.7 The relative contribut
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".1.1.2 Miring CllrIIU (isotopic co
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Figure 42.9 Samples and promin ent
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Figure 4.2. 13 Samples and prominen
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It is difficult to differentiate be
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Figure 4.2.18 Weights ofvariables (
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Figure 42.19 Distribution ofsamples
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5.1 SPATIAL DI STRIBUTION s. DISCUS
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f igure 5.1.1 Zones coinciding with
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f igure 5. 1.2 Average and range (
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Figure 5.1.4 Zones (clusters) in th
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Figure 5.1.5 Direction ofthe mean s
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The location ofthe third station at
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Figure 5.1.7 Station locations and
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Figure 5.1.8 Station locations and
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5.1.4 and Section 4.1.2). This clus
Page 204: Figure 5.1.1 1 Statioo locations an
Page 208 and 209: unaffected by the contaminated flow
Page 211 and 212: this station is die clo$esf to the
Page 213 and 214: samples and sources (Fig. 52.1 and
Page 216 and 217: There is yet another observation po
Page 218 and 219: with the relative contribution ofdi
Page 221 and 222: Table S.l.1 Six dusters identified
Page 224 and 225: the three previous ly identified zo
Page 226: Figure 5.2.4 Station locations and
Page 229 and 230: contribution from petroleum related
Page 231 and 232: (Fig. 4.2.7). Finally. this site co
Page 233 and 234: Snow melt and sewer releases seem t
Page 235 and 236: importance ofcombustion-derived PAR
Page 237 and 238: Intens ity o(degradation (the South
Page 239 and 240: where this importance is somewhat r
Page 241: Figure 5.2.5 Station tocatices andz
Page 244 and 245: :2 for molecular composition assume
Page 247 and 248: ange of Slatistica1 variat ion of t
Page 249: Figure 5.].1 Descriptive model ofso
Page 252 and 253: conveyed into the river through dir
Page 256 and 257: Canton L. and Grimal t 1. O. (1992)
Page 258 and 259: Howell E. T., Marvin C. H., Bilyea
Page 260 and 261: Olson F. C. W. (l950) The currents
Page 263 and 264: Willett P. (1981) Similarity and cl
Page 266: t Apprndb AI. [cout.) bl S,.lioD A<
Page 271 and 272: Appendill A6. The two-component mas
Page 273: Appendix A7. (cont.) Xl. = X llVt r
Page 277: • ass
Page 281: Appendix 82. (cont.)
Page 285: Appendix IU. (cant.) oj Tue Dec 24
Page 290: AppendiI C3. (cont.) Coo c.eo lrati
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