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confined to the northern part ofthe lake (Fig. 5.2.5). Seepage from well lubrication and transfer pipe coating and accidental oil spills during the operation procedures could also have resulted in the formation ofthis background characterized by higb contribution of petrogenically produced compounds. Although stations 967. 951 and 932 still demonstrate significant contribution from petroleum sources. somewhat greater input ofcombustion-derived PAH is observed here. The position ofthese cites in the vicinity ofthe shaded (combustion) zone in Figure 5.2.3 indicates that all compounds are somewhat heavier than those at the other stations within the zone. Moreover, only a single ratio (BePlBaP at St. 951) demonstrates presence of petroleum derived PAH. The relative abundance ofPy vs. Cby and BaP in the assemblage shows that combustion sources are very lmportant at these sites (Fig. 4.2.5c). Although some compounds still demonstrate light isotopic composition. increased presence of isotopically enriched compounds again indicates the importance of combustion sources (Fig. 4.2.6). The mass balance analysis shows that from 800A! to 100% of Fa. Py, and up to 70% ofChy, and 90% ofBFI could be fonned from combustion sources (Fig. 4.2.7). These stations are also located close to the prominent combustion sources on the mixing curve graphs which indicate that only 1()"300A! of assemblage can be ascribed to petroleum origin (Fig. 4.2.8-4.2.18). The increased importance ofcombustion sources at station 967 can possibly be attributed to the influence ofthe Detroit River. This site is actually incorporated into the South Zone (Fig. 5.(.1) and thus. although somewhat sheltered by irregularities in bottom topography (sec
Figure 5.2.5 Station tocatices andzones ofintensive hydrocarboo exploiwioo (nwnerous production we lls) in the northern part oftbe lake after Canadian Hydrographic: Service (1993). Note that aImosa aU 5Iatioos of lhe North Zone are Iocaledwithin areas ofbydrocarbon exploitation.
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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN
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composition. Portions ofthe lake th
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TABLE OF CONTENTS . ABSTRAcr._._ _
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6. CONCLUSIONS_._ _....._._._ _ ._
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FIGURE 3.104 CONfIGURATION OF ISOCH
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FIGURE 4 .2.12 SAMPLES AND PROMINEN
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fIGURE 5.3.1 DESCR1Pl1VE MODEL OF S
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APPENDIX B 3 _ T HEoerwt Of A PtUNC
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Ip » Ideno(l,2.3 cd)pyrene NIST =
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Figure L 1.1 The 16 parental polycy
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After release by the primary source
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decomposition processes (O'Malley e
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Figure 2.1.1 The Great Lakes draina
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;: Duluth Chicago 1 J Lake Superior
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are the Black River, the Cuyaho ga
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Figure 1.1.5 The pattern of permane
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sedimentary basins, Western. Centra
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Figure 2. 1.8 Summer (July) air and
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Natural Resources: The lower Great
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American waters under the current U
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continuously overflowed com bined s
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3.1 EXPERIMENTAL 3. METHODS 3.1.1 S
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Table 3,1.1 Locations and types ofs
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Figure 3.12 Extraction and purifica
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hexane. 2) the unsaturated aliphati
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this problem. Ratios ofthe two stab
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Figure 3. 1.4 Configuration ofIsoch
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3.2.1 UNl- AND BIVAJUATE METHODS Th
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f igure 3.2. 1 Mean and range (± s
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utilized the same instrument (Isoch
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Selecting lIt1J'iahlu: It was demon
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w- _ 71
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seven variables with fewer missing
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analysis also employed a greate r n
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description. The second cluster ana
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elationships between different site
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Figure 4.1.3 Regression ofthree fir
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Figure 4.[.5 Isotopic composition (
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Figure 4.1.6 Weights ofvariables (c
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Figure 4.1.8 Distri bution ofsample
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those at the majority ofstations. S
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Ion, 969, 971, 357, 358). In additi
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Figure 4.2.3 Samples and prominent
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analysis supported some ofthc previ
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, ", Is , , >\ ryr " II ,- - , I ,
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11'
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sources (Fi g. 4.2 .5c). This compo
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Figure 4.2.7 The relative contribut
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".1.1.2 Miring CllrIIU (isotopic co
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Figure 42.9 Samples and promin ent
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Figure 4.2. 13 Samples and prominen
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It is difficult to differentiate be
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Figure 4.2.18 Weights ofvariables (
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Figure 42.19 Distribution ofsamples
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5.1 SPATIAL DI STRIBUTION s. DISCUS
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f igure 5.1.1 Zones coinciding with
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f igure 5. 1.2 Average and range (
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Figure 5.1.4 Zones (clusters) in th
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Figure 5.1.5 Direction ofthe mean s
Page 191 and 192: The location ofthe third station at
Page 193: Figure 5.1.7 Station locations and
Page 201 and 202: 5.1.4 and Section 4.1.2). This clus
Page 204: Figure 5.1.1 1 Statioo locations an
Page 208 and 209: unaffected by the contaminated flow
Page 211 and 212: this station is die clo$esf to the
Page 213 and 214: samples and sources (Fig. 52.1 and
Page 216 and 217: There is yet another observation po
Page 218 and 219: with the relative contribution ofdi
Page 221 and 222: Table S.l.1 Six dusters identified
Page 224 and 225: the three previous ly identified zo
Page 229 and 230: contribution from petroleum related
Page 231 and 232: (Fig. 4.2.7). Finally. this site co
Page 233 and 234: Snow melt and sewer releases seem t
Page 235 and 236: importance ofcombustion-derived PAR
Page 237 and 238: Intens ity o(degradation (the South
Page 239: where this importance is somewhat r
Page 244 and 245: :2 for molecular composition assume
Page 247 and 248: ange of Slatistica1 variat ion of t
Page 249: Figure 5.].1 Descriptive model ofso
Page 252 and 253: conveyed into the river through dir
Page 254 and 255: molecular composition. Its applicat
Page 256 and 257: Canton L. and Grimal t 1. O. (1992)
Page 258 and 259: Howell E. T., Marvin C. H., Bilyea
Page 260 and 261: Olson F. C. W. (l950) The currents
Page 263 and 264: Willett P. (1981) Similarity and cl
Page 266: t Apprndb AI. [cout.) bl S,.lioD A<
Page 271 and 272: Appendill A6. The two-component mas
Page 273: Appendix A7. (cont.) Xl. = X llVt r
Page 277: • ass
Page 281: Appendix 82. (cont.)
Page 285: Appendix IU. (cant.) oj Tue Dec 24
Page 290:
AppendiI C3. (cont.) Coo c.eo lrati
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