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The Japanese Market for UK Films - BFI

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Distribution Sector<br />

Five Domestic Majors Hollywood Subsidiaries<br />

TOHO, TOEI<br />

SHOCHIKU<br />

KADOKAWA<br />

NIKKATSU<br />

Exhibition Sector<br />

Warner B., U.I.P,<br />

Buena V., Sony P.E.,<br />

20C.FOX<br />

TOHO-domestic<br />

TOHO cinemas,<br />

TOHO-imports<br />

Warner Mycal<br />

SHOCHIKU-TOKYU<br />

United Cinema<br />

etc.<br />

etc.<br />

Traditional national chain Cinema-Complex chain<br />

108<br />

Hollywood Co-<br />

Production<br />

<strong>Films</strong><br />

(1)Block-Booking (TOHO, TOEI)<br />

(2)Free Booking (SHOCHIKU, Hollywoods’, others)<br />

Foreign<br />

Independents<br />

<strong>Films</strong><br />

Importers<br />

GAGA,<br />

TOHO-TOWA<br />

Asmik Ace, etc.<br />

Art-House<br />

Independent house<br />

(©Cinema Alliance)<br />

4) Film exhibition sector<br />

<strong>The</strong> major players in the <strong>Japanese</strong> exhibition sector consist of traditional theatre<br />

chains and cinema-complex chains. Toho have the largest networks in both.<br />

British owned Virgin Cinemas Japan was also bought by Toho.<br />

5) <strong>The</strong> relationship between the distribution and exhibition sectors<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Japanese</strong> domestic majors have both distribution and exhibition functions.<br />

Particularly in the case of two of majors, Toho and Toei, these functions are tied<br />

in with block-booking transactions. Other distributors including US majors and<br />

independents need these majors’ networks <strong>for</strong> exhibition, particularly the Toho<br />

exhibition network. This means that a high proportion of screens are dominated<br />

by exclusive transactions. This may be an invisible entry barrier <strong>for</strong> <strong>for</strong>eigners<br />

and independents that cannot otherwise ensure the number of screens <strong>for</strong> their<br />

films.

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