Etat des lieux de l'homéopathie en Belgique - KCE

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44 Homeopathy KCE Reports 154 So homeopathy proves to be a complex and coherent therapeutic system whose efficacy is socially constructed, noted and validated: “Pour moi, ce n’est pas que psychologique. Pour les enfants, il n’y a pas de travail sur la psychologie… Moi, quand j’ai une gastro, j’ai un remède, nux vomica, si je le prends, les vomissements s’arrêtent… Il y a une efficacité, sinon je serais allée voir un autre médecin traditionnel…” (User 4) Given the many components of homeopathy, it would be reductive to consider only the clinical efficacy of homeopathic preparations. As a therapeutic system, homeopathy also enshrines a system of representations providing an original concept of health, illness and its management. Attitudes towards health, illness and cure The idea of health as a balance resonates with users, who find this a satisfactory representation. “Je me suis dit que (ma fausse couche) c’était quand même un bouleversement important dans mon corps, et que ce n’était peut-être pas plus mal de m’adresser à quelqu’un qui aurait une vision un peu plus globale, visant un bien-être, un rééquilibrage, par rapport à ce que je vivais à ce moment-là, par rapport à ce traumatisme…” (User 1) • Homeopathy is considered effective in areas where allopathy is not, as though the efficacy of homeopathy is derived from the inefficacy of allopathy. • For most ordinary ailments, homeopathy is deemed to be just as effective as allopathy, and, if not, at least it is harmless. • An ideological valuation of homeopathy characterises users’ thinking concerning the respective competencies and role of homeopathy and conventional medicine in the health system. • However, users acknowledge that homeopathy is not always effective and does not always work on everyone. • The efficacy of homeopathy is the subject of a social construct, built from the individual experiences of users. • In the homeopathic system, ‘health’ is expressed using the concept of ‘balance’, which can point to different causes of ‘imbalance’. 3.3.5.5 Users’ knowledge of how homeopathy operates In some cases, users’ espousal of homeopathy seems to boil down to a relationship of loyalty to a homeopath rather than to an informed understanding of homeopathy itself. Indeed, what users know about homeopathy is only what they learn from the practitioners they consult but, while some people show little interest in the theory or philosophy of homeopathy, others have begun to learn about it. “Je ne souhaite pas lire ou me documenter à ce sujet… J’ai une relation de confiance qui me convient très bien et ça s’arrête là. Je n’aurais d’ailleurs pas envie de lire des études qui la remettent en question…” (User 5) Furthermore, knowledge of homeopathy by the most informed users is limited to knowledge of the remedies prescribed to them and of their indications. “J’ai déjà pris sepia, arsenicum, mais il y a aussi kali bichromicum, coccus cacti, arnica, sépia, arsenicum album… On tourne toujours autour des mêmes, donc je sais que pour les petites diarrhées, les petites gastro, c’est tel remède…” (User 4) Another source of this very ‘pragmatic’ knowledge is the small leaflets distributed free of charge in pharmacies describing the indications of some of the main homeopathic remedies, which also encourage self-medication. “J’ai un petit ouvrage qui se donnait dans les pharmacies il y a quelques années, et qui est un peu mon livre de chevet, mais c’est juste un repère pour moi” (User 4)
KCE Reports 154 Homeopathy 45 Informed self-medication in homeopathy In a sense, the organisation of homeopathic practice helps to empower users with regard to their health, but not indiscriminately. For example, if a symptom occurs for which a user has already consulted the practitioner and been prescribed a remedy, users will tend to go and buy the same remedy without consulting their homeopath, unless it is by telephone for advice or confirmation. This telephone consultation may be subject to a (reduced) fee. “Ce qui est chouette avec notre homéopathe, c’est qu’il fait des consultations par téléphone si c’est pour quelque chose que mes enfants ont déjà eu. A partir du moment où le médecin connaît la famille…” (User 1) “Soms bellen we ook, en dan legt ze iets klaar om te laten afhalen en dan betalen we 10 euro of soms niks.” (User 2) • Users’ loyalty to homeopathy should be understood more as loyalty to a therapist. • The distribution of small pamphlets briefly describing some homeopathic remedies contributes to ‘pragmatic’ self-medication by users.
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