Etat des lieux de l'homéopathie en Belgique - KCE

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80 Homeopathy KCE Reports 154 Chiropractic is governed by the Chiropractors Act 1994. This law regulates chiropractic in terms of the registration of recognised chiropractors, chiropractic training and the conditions governing the profession. The regulatory body set up under the law is the General Osteopathic Council. Any person wishing to practice chiropractic in the United Kingdom must be registered by this body after following a recognised training course. 5.2.4.3 Homeopathy Homeopathy was recognised in 1950 by the Faculty of Homeopathy Act. This ‘Faculty’ trains doctors, veterinarians, dentists and midwives in homeopathy and is officially recognised by the state as a homeopathy training institute 105 . No special registration applies to other homeopaths, i.e. practitioners who are not doctors, veterinarians, dentists or midwives. There are professional organisations of homeopaths, which require their members to be properly insured and to comply with the Code of Professional Ethics 106 . 5.2.4.4 Acupuncture The report published by the House of Lords in 2000 recommended that practitioners of phytotherapy and acupuncture should opt for statutory regulation in the same way as osteopathy and chiropractic 104 . Subsequently proposals along the lines of such regulation have been drawn up by the Department of Health. The main purpose of this regulation is to protect patients by setting criteria for training and competence. To date, these proposals have not been transposed into legislation. 5.2.4.5 Other CAM practices As for other CAM practices, the British public authorities encourage practitioners to self-regulate and have no intention of intervening through legislation. The public authorities apply the principle that unregulated CAM practitioners must set the criteria and modalities for their practices. Nevertheless, there is a Complementary and Natural Healthcare Council, within which a register has been opened for the registration of practitioners that comply with certain standards, have followed some training and are adequately insured 107 . 5.2.4.6 Reimbursement As a general rule, the costs of non-conventional medicines are not reimbursed by the National Health Service 108 . The United Kingdom is however the only country in Europe to have several public hospitals that offer (exclusively) alternative medicine services (Glasgow, London, Liverpool, Bristol and Tunbridge Wells) 106 . These services are reimbursed by the National Health Service. Moreover, various individual insurance policies help to pay the cost of an alternative therapy, often on condition that the acts in question are performed by an accredited practitioner 108 . Key points: the situation in the United Kingdom • Under common law, any non-doctor can offer alternative therapies, provided that they do not claim to be a doctor and do not practice a protected discipline. Such persons are not allowed to claim that they can cure diseases. However, they can treat diseases. • Osteopathy and chiropractic have been given legal status in law. • Homeopathy has been recognised by the Faculty of Homeopathy Act. This faculty trains doctors, veterinarians, dentists and midwives in homeopathy. • Acupuncture should also benefit from a legal status under the law, but this process has not yet been finalised. • As for other alternative therapies, the public authorities recommend that practitioners should self-regulate their profession.
KCE Reports 154 Homeopathy 81 5.2.5 Conclusion on the situation in the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom 5.2.5.1 The situation in the Netherlands In principle the BIG allows anyone to provide medical care, with the exception of certain ‘reserved’ acts that can only be performed by the professional practitioners authorised by the BIG law. The BIG law is partially a framework law which governs various important points. Many other modalities are nevertheless left to self-regulation by the professional organisations. The BIG law is based on the principle of registration of professional certificates and training certificates, and makes a distinction between two categories, each subject to specific rules. 5.2.5.2 The situation in France Only qualified doctors can practice medicine. The use of alternative therapies is restricted to doctors. France has already taken various initiatives for the recognition of osteopathy and chiropractic. In France, acupuncture is recognised by the Académie de Médecine and can be practiced legally by doctors. 5.2.5.3 The situation in the United Kingdom Under common law, any non-doctor can offer alternative therapies, provided that they do not claim to be a doctor and do not practice a protected discipline. Such persons are not allowed to claim that they can cure diseases. However, they can treat diseases. Osteopathy and chiropractic have been given legal status in law. Homeopathy has been recognised by the Faculty of Homeopathy Act. This faculty trains doctors, veterinarians, dentists and midwives in homeopathy. Acupuncture should also benefit from a legal status under the law, but this process has not yet been finalised. As for other alternative therapies, the public authorities recommend that practitioners should self-regulate their profession. 5.2.5.4 Final observations The brief description of the approaches to the practice of non-conventional medicine in the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom clearly illustrates the disparities in this field in Europe. Each Member State of the European Union has set up its own system, so the practice of non-conventional medicine is a long way from being governed by uniform regulations. This lack of harmony and uniformity, as well as the atypical situation in Belgium, makes it difficult for the Belgian legal framework to draw inspiration from the prevailing situation in the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom. 5.3 TRAINING IN HOMEOPATHY 5.3.1 Introduction 5.3.2 Methods In this chapter, we will describe the different homeopathic schools and their role in the Belgian non-conventional medicine landscape. The three main research questions are: • how is the training organised? • is there a quality control on the training? • is every homeopath able to diagnose and distinguish pathologies? The information about the schools is gathered during meetings at the KCE and during contacts by phone. This stakeholder involvement provided the results and some of the ideas presented in the discussion.
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