Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

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Zone Member State Main pest species Greece - Lepidoptera: Agrotis spp.; Helicoverpa armigera; Mythimna unipuncta; Ostrinia nubilalis; Scotia segetum; Sesamia nonagrioides Sternorrhyncha: Aphids (e.g. Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi) Others: Nematodes (e.g. Pratylenchus spp.); Auchenorrhyncha (Zyginidia scutellaris); Archaeorrhyncha (Laodelphax striatellus); Myriapoda (Scutigerella immaculate); Maize Rough Dwarf Virus (MRDV) Italy N a, f Coleoptera: Agriotes spp.; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Diptera: Oscinella frit Lepidoptera: Agrotis spp.; Helicoverpa armigera; Ostrinia nubilalis; Sesamia nonagrioides Sternorrhyncha: Aphids Portugal e Coleoptera: Agriotes spp. Spain NE a -: no data available Lepidoptera: Ostrinia nubilalis; Sesamia nonagrioides Coleoptera: Agriotes spp. Diptera: Oscinella frit Lepidoptera: Agrotis spp.; Helicoverpa armigera; Mythimna unipuncta; Ostrinia nubilalis; Sesamia nonagrioides Sternorrhyncha: Aphids Others: Trombidiformes (Tetranychus spp.); Clypeorrhyncha (leafhoppers); Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV); Maize Rough Dwarf Virus (MRDV) Page 16 of 64
Figure 4: Distribution of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte in Europe 2010 (IWGO by C.R. Edwards and J. Kiss, based on data from Bashynska, Baufeld, Bertossa, Cean, Cobos, Cota, Eyre, Governatori, Grabenweger, Ioannidou, Ivanova, Karic, Kubik, Konefal, Kroutil, Markotić, Potting, Pulaj,, Ripka, Schaub, Shymanskaya, Sivcev, Streito, Swillens, Symonov and Urek – February 25, 2011 6 ) 3.3.3 Diseases Pythium and Fusarium are the most important fungi damaging young seedlings (Table 6). Fusarium also induces ear, stalk and root rot, resulting in significant economic loss. The mycotoxins produced by the fungus are harmful to both humans and animals. The EU has set threshold levels for these toxins 7 . The fungus makes use of damaged cells (insect feeding wounds) to penetrate the plant. Other fungal diseases of high importance in Europe are root and stalk rot caused by Rhizoctonia spp., and Acremonium spp. Furthermore, Sclerophthora macrospora (Sacc.) Thirum., C.G. Shaw & Naras, Sphacelotheca reiliana (Kühn) Clinton, Trichometasphaeria turcica Luttr. (syn. Helminthosporium turcicum), Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda and Puccinia sorghi Schw. may cause problems in some regions. Table 6: Maize – main European diseases (Source: a Endure; b Afdeling Duurzame Landbouwontwikkeling – ADLO; c Maiskomitee; d FSE; e EuropaBio member companies; f Meissle et al., 2010) Zone Member State Main diseases A North Denmark a,f Fusarium ssp.; Helminthosporium ssp.; Kabatiella zeae; Phoma ssp.; Puccinia sorghi; Rhizoctonia ssp. and Ustilago maydis Estonia Finland - 6 http://www.iwgo.org/ 7 Regulation EC/1126/2007, OJ L255, 29.9.2007, p. 14-17. - Page 17 of 64
Page 1 and 2: Baseline i
Page 3 and 4: 1 Introduction Under the current Eu
Page 5 and 6: 3 Maize cultivation in Europe 3.1 C
Page 7 and 8: Figure 3: Grain maize production by
Page 9 and 10: Zone Member State Maize type 2010 2
Page 11 and 12: Zone Member State Number of holding
Page 13 and 14: Zone Member State Main weed species
Page 15: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 19 and 20: 4 Preparation 4.1 Seeds Breeding go
Page 21 and 22: Table 7 provides an overview of mat
Page 23 and 24: Insecticides are included in seed t
Page 25 and 26: Table 10. Page 25 of 64
Page 27 and 28: Zone Member State Use Tillage B Cen
Page 29 and 30: • In Germany the Fertilisation Or
Page 31 and 32: Zone Member State Use Sowing dates
Page 33 and 34: Table 14: Chemical weed control (pr
Page 35 and 36: Zone Member State -: no data availa
Page 37 and 38: Zone Member State Use Insecticides
Page 39 and 40: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 41 and 42: Integrated pest management (IPM) pr
Page 43 and 44: Figure 5: European Irrigation Map (
Page 45 and 46: Table 20: Irrigation of maize in Bu
Page 47 and 48: Zone Member State Region grain maiz
Page 49 and 50: Table 21: Irrigation methods and so
Page 51 and 52: Irrigation methods Zone Member Stat
Page 53 and 54: Irrigation methods Zone Member Stat
Page 55 and 56: The main overall objective of EU wa
Page 57 and 58: Zone Member State Use Harvest date
Page 59 and 60: 7 Consulted sources The following t
Page 61 and 62: Křístková M., 2010, Experience w
Page 63 and 64: Bayerischer Bauernverband; http://w
Page 65 and 66: Wageningen UR Livestock Research ht

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