Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

More documents

Recommendations

Info

- In Germany, the Plant Protection Product Reduction Programme was devised and published in 2004. This National Action Plan on Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products builds on that programme (2008). The leitmotiv is the use of the necessary minimum of plant protection products when all other practicable options to prevent and deter harmful organisms have been exhausted. - In 2008, France set a 50% reduction, where possible, by 2018 in the ‘Ecophyto 2018’. It also banned the 53 most problematic substances, 30 of which would have been banned by the end of 2008. Any change in agricultural practice will need to be evaluated against these objectives. New developments may offer alternatives to existing products and present options for lower levels of application of active ingredients with an improved environmental profile. Additionally, integration of genetic tolerances or resistances to pests or diseases may expand IPM strategies. Pest populations have the potential to develop resistance to the crop protection products used against them, particularly if they are regularly treated with a single product. The result is that once effective products are no longer able to control the pest and have to be replaced. Resistance is a natural phenomenon but its development is an important threat for sustainable crop protection that must be tackled proactively, through resistance management programmes. Resistance management is undertaken within the context of an Integrated Pest Management Strategy. It is possible that resistance management programmes require a change in agricultural practice, e.g. by implementing diversification of protective measures in adjacent field zones. The 2000/60/EC Water Framework Directive 24 states that aquatic environments throughout the EU will have to achieve good ecological status by 2015. Pesticides are one of the main sources of water pollution and aquatic environment degradation. The Groundwater Directive 2006/118/EC 25 has been developed to elaborate further on the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. Member States have developed national laws and regulations, prohibiting the use of some products, limiting the application of others. E.g. in Belgium, buffer zones between the last treated row and water bodies are required for certain weed control products. Denmark established a mandatory 10 m non-sprayed, nonfertilised and unfarmed buffer zones on all water courses (by 2012) and a mandatory 25 m sprayingfree buffer zones around public drinking water sources (PAN Europe 26 ). Buffer zones are also recommended near streams or dams in Portugal (Anpromis). It is expected that for new crop protection products a similar consideration will determine if a specific buffer zone is required. 5.3 Irrigation In EU-27 the total agricultural area equipped for irrigation in the year 2003 accounts for 16 million ha on a total of 182 million ha of agricultural land (Eurostat, Farm structure survey data 2000, 2003 27 ). The majority of irrigated areas are concentrated in the Mediterranean region. France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain account for 12 million ha corresponding to 75% of the total area equipped for irrigation in EU-27 (JRC, 2008, Water Requirements for Irrigation in the European Union). Whereas in the Central and Northern European countries agriculture is generally rain-fed and irrigation is only temporarily used to overcome water shortages during summer optimizing crop yields, in Southern Europe it is an essential element of agricultural production (Figure 5). 24 Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy, OJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1-72. 25 Directive 2006/118/EC of 12 December 2006 on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration, OJ L372, 27.12.2006, p. 19-31. 26 http://www.pan-europe.info/Resources/Reports/NAP_best_practice.pdf 27 http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ef_lu_ofirrig&lang=en Page 42 of 64
Figure 5: European Irrigation Map (EIM) - Irrigation intensity in the EU as irrigated area in % of total area calculated over a 10x10 km raster, composed from 2000 and 2003 data (source: JRC, 2008, Water Requirements for Irrigation in the European Union) Maize is irrigated in regions with low rainfall during the growing season (Table 19, Table 20). The actual water use (intensity) at the farm level is not known. However, the total irrigable area as the maximum area which could be irrigated in the reference year using the equipment and the quantity of water normally available on the holding (Eurostat) can be used as an indication, although actual irrigated area is generally lower than the irrigable area. For southern Europe, Eurostat provides <strong>information</strong> on selected crops that are irrigated at least once a year. The most important irrigated crop is grain maize. Table 19 and -: no data available Page 43 of 64
Page 1 and 2: Baseline i
Page 3 and 4: 1 Introduction Under the current Eu
Page 5 and 6: 3 Maize cultivation in Europe 3.1 C
Page 7 and 8: Figure 3: Grain maize production by
Page 9 and 10: Zone Member State Maize type 2010 2
Page 11 and 12: Zone Member State Number of holding
Page 13 and 14: Zone Member State Main weed species
Page 15 and 16: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 17 and 18: Figure 4: Distribution of Diabrotic
Page 19 and 20: 4 Preparation 4.1 Seeds Breeding go
Page 21 and 22: Table 7 provides an overview of mat
Page 23 and 24: Insecticides are included in seed t
Page 25 and 26: Table 10. Page 25 of 64
Page 27 and 28: Zone Member State Use Tillage B Cen
Page 29 and 30: • In Germany the Fertilisation Or
Page 31 and 32: Zone Member State Use Sowing dates
Page 33 and 34: Table 14: Chemical weed control (pr
Page 35 and 36: Zone Member State -: no data availa
Page 37 and 38: Zone Member State Use Insecticides
Page 39 and 40: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 41: Integrated pest management (IPM) pr
Page 45 and 46: Table 20: Irrigation of maize in Bu
Page 47 and 48: Zone Member State Region grain maiz
Page 49 and 50: Table 21: Irrigation methods and so
Page 51 and 52: Irrigation methods Zone Member Stat
Page 53 and 54: Irrigation methods Zone Member Stat
Page 55 and 56: The main overall objective of EU wa
Page 57 and 58: Zone Member State Use Harvest date
Page 59 and 60: 7 Consulted sources The following t
Page 61 and 62: Křístková M., 2010, Experience w
Page 63 and 64: Bayerischer Bauernverband; http://w
Page 65 and 66: Wageningen UR Livestock Research ht

Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?