Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

Figure 4: Distribution of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte in Europe 2010 (IWGO by C.R.
Edwards and J. Kiss, based on data from Bashynska, Baufeld, Bertossa, Cean, Cobos,
Cota, Eyre, Governatori, Grabenweger, Ioannidou, Ivanova, Karic, Kubik, Konefal, Kroutil,
Markotić, Potting, Pulaj,, Ripka, Schaub, Shymanskaya, Sivcev, Streito, Swillens, Symonov
and Urek – February 25, 2011 6 )
3.3.3 Diseases
Pythium and Fusarium are the most important fungi damaging young seedlings (Table 6). Fusarium
also induces ear, stalk and root rot, resulting in significant economic loss. The mycotoxins produced
by the fungus are harmful to both humans and animals. The EU has set threshold levels for these
toxins 7 . The fungus makes use of damaged cells (insect feeding wounds) to penetrate the plant.
Other fungal diseases of high importance in Europe are root and stalk rot caused by Rhizoctonia spp.,
and Acremonium spp. Furthermore, Sclerophthora macrospora (Sacc.) Thirum., C.G. Shaw & Naras,
Sphacelotheca reiliana (Kühn) Clinton, Trichometasphaeria turcica Luttr. (syn. Helminthosporium
turcicum), Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda and Puccinia sorghi Schw. may cause problems in some
regions.
Table 6: Maize – main European diseases (Source: a Endure; b Afdeling Duurzame Landbouwontwikkeling
– ADLO; c Maiskomitee; d FSE; e EuropaBio member companies; f Meissle et
al., 2010)
Zone Member State Main diseases
A
North
Denmark a,f Fusarium ssp.; Helminthosporium ssp.; Kabatiella zeae; Phoma ssp.;
Puccinia sorghi; Rhizoctonia ssp. and Ustilago maydis
Estonia
Finland -
6 http://www.iwgo.org/
7 Regulation EC/1126/2007, OJ L255, 29.9.2007, p. 14-17.
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