Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

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6.3 Soil management & rotation Crop rotation and soil ploughing to bury the crop residuals are very helpful to maintain the nutrient status.These practices are recommended in many stewardship programmes to prevent or at least delay the development of resistance to commonly used herbicides and to combat insect pests such as western corn rootworm, wireworms and cutworms. In regions with high corn rootworm infestation such as Hungary, these measures are mandatory. The most common crop included in a rotation with maize is wheat (or barley) in a 2-year cycle. However, a range of different rotations with 2–5 crops, including maize, wheat, alfalfa, sunflower, temporary grassland, soybean, beets, oilseed rape, rice and potato is practiced in Europe. Table 24 shows some examples of soil management and rotation practices. Table 24: Post-harvest soil management & rotation in specific regions (NE: northeast, SW: southwest) (Source: a Endure; b EuropaBio member companies) Zone Member State Management of the soil Crop rotation (% of cultivated maize area) A North B Centre C South -: no data available Denmark - 50% under rotation Germany - 60% under rotation Hungary Mandatory destruction of stubble (ploughing or otherwise) a 40-80% under rotation Max. 3 years continuous culture a the Netherlands - 50% under rotation Poland - 80% under rotation France SW: grinding of crop residues SW: continuous 20-70% under rotation Italy - 70% under rotation a Portugal - 50% under rotation b Spain NE: removal of crop residues NE: 83% under rotation a Page 58 of 64
7 Consulted sources The following table provides an overview of the different sources that were consulted. When no <strong>information</strong> useful for this analysis was found, this was indicated. Europe Eurostat http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu European Fertiliser Manufacturers Association http://www.efma.org/, Information is too general, not specific for maize (EFMA) European Crop Protection Association http://www.ecpa.be/, Information is too general, not specific for maize Endure, EU network for the durable exploitation http://www.endure-network.eu/ of crop protection strategies (FP6, 2007-2010) Final report on the maize case study: Key pests and options to reduce pesticides in eleven European regions, 2009: http://www.endurenetwork.eu/content/download/5458/42972/file/ENDURE_DR3.7&DR1.18&DR1.19.pdf And: http://www.endurenetwork.eu/about_endure/all_the_news/innovative_ipm_for_maize_five_new_leaflets Deliverable DR2.17 SWOT analysis of existing MBCSs in the four regions; and other publications: http://www.endure-network.eu/endure_publications/deliverables and Meissle M., Mouron P., Musa T., Bigler F., Pons X., Vasileiadis V.P., Otto S., Antichi D., Kiss J., Pálinkás Z., Dorner Z., Van der Weide R., Groten J., Czembor E., Adamczyk J., Thibord J.-B., Melander B., Cordsen Nielsen G., Poulsen R.T., Zimmermann O., Verschwele A. and Oldenburg E. (2010) Pests, pesticide use and alternative options in European maize production: current status and future prospects. J. Appl. Entomol. 134(5): 357–375. Joint Research Centre (JRC) Wriedt G., Van der Velde M., Aloe A., Bouraoui F., 2008, Water Requirements for Irrigation in the European Union, 70p. http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/111111111/7527 European Coexistence Bureau (ECoB) Czarnak-Kłos & Rodríguez-Cerezo, 2010, Best Practice Documents for coexistence of genetically modified crops with conventional and organic farming. 1. Maize crop production. EUR 24509 EN http://ecob.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents.html European Environmental Agency (EEA) Agriculture and environment in EU-15 — the IRENA indicator report, EEA report, No 6/2005 http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/eea_report_2005_6 Pesticide Action Network (PAN) NAP Best Practice. Sustainable use of pesticides: Implementing a National Action Plan, http://www.pan-europe.info/Resources/Reports/NAP_best_practice.pdf SoCo Project Team (2009) Final report on the project ‘Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation (SoCo), Editors: Geertrui Page 59 of 64
Page 1 and 2:
Baseline i
Page 3 and 4:
1 Introduction Under the current Eu
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3 Maize cultivation in Europe 3.1 C
Page 7 and 8: Figure 3: Grain maize production by
Page 9 and 10: Zone Member State Maize type 2010 2
Page 11 and 12: Zone Member State Number of holding
Page 13 and 14: Zone Member State Main weed species
Page 15 and 16: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 17 and 18: Figure 4: Distribution of Diabrotic
Page 19 and 20: 4 Preparation 4.1 Seeds Breeding go
Page 21 and 22: Table 7 provides an overview of mat
Page 23 and 24: Insecticides are included in seed t
Page 25 and 26: Table 10. Page 25 of 64
Page 27 and 28: Zone Member State Use Tillage B Cen
Page 29 and 30: • In Germany the Fertilisation Or
Page 31 and 32: Zone Member State Use Sowing dates
Page 33 and 34: Table 14: Chemical weed control (pr
Page 35 and 36: Zone Member State -: no data availa
Page 37 and 38: Zone Member State Use Insecticides
Page 39 and 40: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 41 and 42: Integrated pest management (IPM) pr
Page 43 and 44: Figure 5: European Irrigation Map (
Page 45 and 46: Table 20: Irrigation of maize in Bu
Page 47 and 48: Zone Member State Region grain maiz
Page 49 and 50: Table 21: Irrigation methods and so
Page 51 and 52: Irrigation methods Zone Member Stat
Page 53 and 54: Irrigation methods Zone Member Stat
Page 55 and 56: The main overall objective of EU wa
Page 57: Zone Member State Use Harvest date
Page 61 and 62: Křístková M., 2010, Experience w
Page 63 and 64: Bayerischer Bauernverband; http://w
Page 65 and 66: Wageningen UR Livestock Research ht
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