Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

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Active ingredient HRAC classification France Germany Spain Italy Pyridate C3 LENTAGRAN LENTAGRAN LENTAGRAN Bromoxynil C3 Various Various Various Various Terbuthylazine C1 No CLICK CUNA CLICK Nicosulfuron B MILAGRO MOTIVEL ELITE GHIBLI Foramsulfuron B EQUIP MAISTER EQUIP Rimsulfuron B TITUS CATO TITUS TITUS Cycloxydim A STRATOS ULTRA FOCUS ULTRA STRATOS ULTRA 5.2.2 Pest management Seed treatment (see 0 -: no data available Seed treatment) protects the crop at sowing against soil insects (usually combined with protection against diseases). The maize area treated with soil insecticides was highest in France (32–42%) and Hungary (50–60%) Table 11). At present, commonly used active ingredients in France and Hungary include tefluthrin and cypermethrin. In France, carbofuran, carbosulfan and benfuracarbe were used until 2009. The main targets of seed treatments and soil insecticides in most regions are wireworms. During plant growth insecticides are sprayed if needed and this is usually restricted to one application (Table 17). Foliar insecticides are used predominantly in southern and central Europe. The most commonly used active ingredients in spray insecticides are pyrethroids and organophosphates, but oxadiazine, nicotinoid, carbamate, and diflubenzuron were also used (Table 18) (Endure, 2009). An alternative to the chemical control is the biological control by means of insects such as the parasite wasp Trichogramma spp. to biologically control O. nubilalis and H. armigera (Table 18). Furthermore crop rotation is effective. Sex pheromones can be utilised for mating disruption of stem borers. Table 17: Maize – use of insecticides and fungicides in on plant sprays in specific regions (E: east part of the country, N: north, NE: northeast, SW: southwest, W: west) (Sources: b Endure; c Maiskomitee ; d FERA; e EuropaBio member companies) Zone Member State Use Insecticides (% of cultivated maize area) A North B Centre Denmark Not specified 5% 1 Estonia - - Finland - - Latvia - - Lithuania - - Sweden - - Austria - - Belgium - - Insecticides (number of applications) Czech Republic e Not specified Yes, not specified Yes, not specified Germany Not specified 35% SW b 0.02% over all c Hungary Not specified 40% E b 20% W Ireland - - 1 1 1 Page 36 of 64
Zone Member State Use Insecticides (% of cultivated maize area) C South Luxembourg - - the Netherlands Not specified 0 - Poland Not specified 20% SW b 1 Romania e Slovakia e Insecticides (number of applications) Not specified Yes, not specified Yes, not specified Not specified Yes, not specified Yes, not specified Slovenia - - the United Kingdom -: no data available Not specified 2.2% d - Bulgaria - - Cyprus - - France Not specified 6% SW b 5% W 2% NE Greece - - Italy Not specified 11% N b 1 Portugal Not specified 30% e Spain Not specified 50% NE b 1-2 Table 18: Maize – Occurrence of and plant protection strategies towards coleopteran and lepidoptera (N: north, NE: northeast, SW: southwest) (Sources: a Endure; b Afdeling Duurzame Landbouwontwikkeling – ADLO; c Maiskomitee; d DEFRA; e Handboek Snijmaïs; f Meissle et al., 2010; g Landesanstalt für Pflanzenbau, Baden-Württemberg; h Thüringer Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft; i IWGO; j AGES, k Dillen et al., 2010 20 ; l Konefał & Bereś 21 ). Zone Member State Main pest species Occurrence Mode of control A North B Centre Denmark a, f Coleoptera: Agriotes spp. Regionally and a, f rare Lepidoptera: Agrotis spp. Regionally and a, f rare Estonia - - Finland - - Latvia - - Lithuania - - Sweden - - 1 1 1 Seed treatment Austria Coleoptera: Agriotes spp. - Agritox (chlorpyrifos), Cruiser (thiamethoxam), Gaucho (Imidacloprid), Poncho (clothianidin) j 20 Dillen K., Mitchell P.D., Van Looy T., Tollens E. (2010) The western corn rootworm, a new threat to European agriculture: opportunities for biotechnology? Pest Management Science, 66(9): 956-966. 21 Konefał T., Bereś P.K. (2009) Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte in Poland in 2005-2007 and Regulations in the control of the Pest in 2008, Journal of Plant Protection Research 49(1): 129-134. Page 37 of 64
Page 1 and 2: Baseline i
Page 3 and 4: 1 Introduction Under the current Eu
Page 5 and 6: 3 Maize cultivation in Europe 3.1 C
Page 7 and 8: Figure 3: Grain maize production by
Page 9 and 10: Zone Member State Maize type 2010 2
Page 11 and 12: Zone Member State Number of holding
Page 13 and 14: Zone Member State Main weed species
Page 15 and 16: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 17 and 18: Figure 4: Distribution of Diabrotic
Page 19 and 20: 4 Preparation 4.1 Seeds Breeding go
Page 21 and 22: Table 7 provides an overview of mat
Page 23 and 24: Insecticides are included in seed t
Page 25 and 26: Table 10. Page 25 of 64
Page 27 and 28: Zone Member State Use Tillage B Cen
Page 29 and 30: • In Germany the Fertilisation Or
Page 31 and 32: Zone Member State Use Sowing dates
Page 33 and 34: Table 14: Chemical weed control (pr
Page 35: Zone Member State -: no data availa
Page 39 and 40: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 41 and 42: Integrated pest management (IPM) pr
Page 43 and 44: Figure 5: European Irrigation Map (
Page 45 and 46: Table 20: Irrigation of maize in Bu
Page 47 and 48: Zone Member State Region grain maiz
Page 49 and 50: Table 21: Irrigation methods and so
Page 51 and 52: Irrigation methods Zone Member Stat
Page 53 and 54: Irrigation methods Zone Member Stat
Page 55 and 56: The main overall objective of EU wa
Page 57 and 58: Zone Member State Use Harvest date
Page 59 and 60: 7 Consulted sources The following t
Page 61 and 62: Křístková M., 2010, Experience w
Page 63 and 64: Bayerischer Bauernverband; http://w
Page 65 and 66: Wageningen UR Livestock Research ht

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