Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio
Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio
Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio
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Insecticides are <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> seed treatments (e.g. thiamethoxam, tefluthr<strong>in</strong>, clothianid<strong>in</strong>) where frit flies<br />
(Osc<strong>in</strong>ella frit) and wireworms (Agriotes spp.) are a problem. Seed treatments may also reduce<br />
damage by corn rootworms.<br />
Table 8: Maize seed treatment (‘Use’ allows specificati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>in</strong>tended use of harvested material (e.g.<br />
silage or gra<strong>in</strong>); figures are percentage of maize crop area treated <strong>in</strong> specific regi<strong>on</strong>s; E:<br />
east part of <strong>the</strong> country, N: north, NE: nor<strong>the</strong>ast, SW: southwest, W: west) (Sources: a<br />
Endure; b Anpromis website; c FERA; d FSE; e EuropaBio member companies)<br />
Z<strong>on</strong>e Member State Use Insecticide<br />
(% of maize crop area<br />
treated)<br />
A<br />
North<br />
B<br />
Centre<br />
C<br />
South<br />
Denmark Not specified 0% a 95% a<br />
Est<strong>on</strong>ia - -<br />
F<strong>in</strong>land - -<br />
Latvia - -<br />
Lithuania<br />
- -<br />
Sweden - -<br />
Austria - -<br />
Belgium - -<br />
Czech Republic - -<br />
Germany Not specified 60% SW a 100% SW a<br />
Hungary Not specified 20% E a<br />
40% W<br />
Ireland - -<br />
Luxembourg - -<br />
Fungicide<br />
(% of maize crop area<br />
treated)<br />
100% E a<br />
100% W<br />
<strong>the</strong> Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands Not specified 50% a 95% a<br />
Poland Not specified 20% SW a 100% SW a<br />
Romania - -<br />
Slovakia - -<br />
Slovenia<br />
<strong>the</strong> United<br />
K<strong>in</strong>gdom<br />
-: no data available<br />
Not specified 95% c<br />
- -<br />
100% d<br />
Bulgaria - -<br />
Cyprus - -<br />
France Not specified 0% a<br />
Greece - -<br />
83% c<br />
100% d<br />
100% a<br />
Italy Not specified 80% a 100% a<br />
Portugal Not specified 80% e<br />
80% e<br />
Spa<strong>in</strong> Not specified 100% NE a 100% NE a<br />
4.3 Soil preparati<strong>on</strong><br />
The general practice to prepare <strong>the</strong> soil is plough<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> order to <strong>in</strong>corporate crop residuals and weeds<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> soil (Table 11). On heavy soils this is d<strong>on</strong>e <strong>in</strong> autumn with <strong>the</strong> advantage that frost can break<br />
clods. On sandy soils <strong>the</strong> soil is tilled shortly before prepar<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> actual seed bed. Local legislati<strong>on</strong><br />
might restrict soil preparati<strong>on</strong>s to prevent erosi<strong>on</strong>.<br />
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