Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

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Table 7: Maturity classes of maize used in EU Member States (based on Czarnak-Kłos & Rodríguez-Cerezo, 2010) Zone Member State Use Maturity classes (FAO units) A North B Centre C South Denmark Silage 170 - 250 Estonia Silage 170 - 250 Finland Silage 150 - 200 Latvia Silage 225 - 230 Lithuania Silage 220 - 230 Sweden Silage 180 - 230 Austria Grain/Silage 200 - 490 Forage 230 - 440 Belgium Grain/Silage 170 - 250; biogas production 260 - 330 Czech Republic Grain/Silage 180 - 440, usually 200 - 350 Germany Grain/Silage 170 - 350 Biomass ~500 - ~600 Hungary Grain/Silage 200 - 500 (600) Ireland Silage plastic cover: 220 – 270, uncovered: 180 - 230 Luxembourg Grain 200 - 260; energy maize up to 350 Silage 180 - 280 the Netherlands Grain/Silage 180 - 250 Poland Grain/Silage 180 – 290 (300) Romania Grain 220 - 600 Silage 250 - 700 Slovakia Grain/Silage 200 - 500 Slovenia Grain/Silage 100 - 700 (80% 280 - 400) the United Kingdom -: no data available Grain/Silage 190 - 240 Bulgaria - Cyprus Silage 600 - 700 France Grain 180 - 600 Silage 180 - 400 Greece Grain 700 Silage 650 - >700 Italy Grain/Silage 300 (200 in the case of non-irrigated fields) - 700 Portugal Grain 200 - 600 Silage 200 - 700 Spain Grain/Silage 200 - 800 4.2 Seed treatment Almost all seed (Table 8) is treated with fungicides to protect the seedlings against damping-off (general term used for a number of different fungus-caused ailments which can kill seeds or seedlings before or after they germinate). Page 22 of 64
Insecticides are included in seed treatments (e.g. thiamethoxam, tefluthrin, clothianidin) where frit flies (Oscinella frit) and wireworms (Agriotes spp.) are a problem. Seed treatments may also reduce damage by corn rootworms. Table 8: Maize seed treatment (‘Use’ allows specification of intended use of harvested material (e.g. silage or grain); figures are percentage of maize crop area treated in specific regions; E: east part of the country, N: north, NE: northeast, SW: southwest, W: west) (Sources: a Endure; b Anpromis website; c FERA; d FSE; e EuropaBio member companies) Zone Member State Use Insecticide (% of maize crop area treated) A North B Centre C South Denmark Not specified 0% a 95% a Estonia - - Finland - - Latvia - - Lithuania - - Sweden - - Austria - - Belgium - - Czech Republic - - Germany Not specified 60% SW a 100% SW a Hungary Not specified 20% E a 40% W Ireland - - Luxembourg - - Fungicide (% of maize crop area treated) 100% E a 100% W the Netherlands Not specified 50% a 95% a Poland Not specified 20% SW a 100% SW a Romania - - Slovakia - - Slovenia the United Kingdom -: no data available Not specified 95% c - - 100% d Bulgaria - - Cyprus - - France Not specified 0% a Greece - - 83% c 100% d 100% a Italy Not specified 80% a 100% a Portugal Not specified 80% e 80% e Spain Not specified 100% NE a 100% NE a 4.3 Soil preparation The general practice to prepare the soil is ploughing in order to incorporate crop residuals and weeds in the soil (Table 11). On heavy soils this is done in autumn with the advantage that frost can break clods. On sandy soils the soil is tilled shortly before preparing the actual seed bed. Local legislation might restrict soil preparations to prevent erosion. Page 23 of 64
Page 1 and 2: Baseline i
Page 3 and 4: 1 Introduction Under the current Eu
Page 5 and 6: 3 Maize cultivation in Europe 3.1 C
Page 7 and 8: Figure 3: Grain maize production by
Page 9 and 10: Zone Member State Maize type 2010 2
Page 11 and 12: Zone Member State Number of holding
Page 13 and 14: Zone Member State Main weed species
Page 15 and 16: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 17 and 18: Figure 4: Distribution of Diabrotic
Page 19 and 20: 4 Preparation 4.1 Seeds Breeding go
Page 21: Table 7 provides an overview of mat
Page 25 and 26: Table 10. Page 25 of 64
Page 27 and 28: Zone Member State Use Tillage B Cen
Page 29 and 30: • In Germany the Fertilisation Or
Page 31 and 32: Zone Member State Use Sowing dates
Page 33 and 34: Table 14: Chemical weed control (pr
Page 35 and 36: Zone Member State -: no data availa
Page 37 and 38: Zone Member State Use Insecticides
Page 39 and 40: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 41 and 42: Integrated pest management (IPM) pr
Page 43 and 44: Figure 5: European Irrigation Map (
Page 45 and 46: Table 20: Irrigation of maize in Bu
Page 47 and 48: Zone Member State Region grain maiz
Page 49 and 50: Table 21: Irrigation methods and so
Page 51 and 52: Irrigation methods Zone Member Stat
Page 53 and 54: Irrigation methods Zone Member Stat
Page 55 and 56: The main overall objective of EU wa
Page 57 and 58: Zone Member State Use Harvest date
Page 59 and 60: 7 Consulted sources The following t
Page 61 and 62: Křístková M., 2010, Experience w
Page 63 and 64: Bayerischer Bauernverband; http://w
Page 65 and 66: Wageningen UR Livestock Research ht

Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

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