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38 MISSIONS IN THE TELUGU COUNTRY a position in life which gives promise of a future return, it is the moneylender's advance which saves him for the time. Thus the mass of the peasantry hold the same position with regard to the moneylender, as a limited portion of our English population do to the pawnbroker. The system is extensive and thoroughly bad. The life-blood of a large class is being slowly soaked out of it by a much less worthy class. The stability of British rule is believed to have tended to fasten the system on the country, by making the coercion of the courts available for the recovery of these debts, and by re- moving social checks on the abuse of power. At any rate, farmers have been known to complain with some bitterness that in the old days, when the demands of the moneylenders became too exorbitant, they could go and burn their houses and books, while now there is the irresistible force of the police behind them. It is to gentler methods that we must look for the removal of the evil, and chiefly to education. At present the borrower is often absolutely ignorant of his position. He cannot read or write ; he does not know what is written in the merchant's books ; he holds no receipts. If, as is often the case, he brings the interest in kind, he cannot be sure that it is entered correctly, not to speak of the fact that the valuation is made by the moneylender. But the greatest hindrance to reform is the lack of a real desire for change. To the vast bulk of the population, to be in debt and to be eternally paying in interest the money which should go for the support and the increased prosperity of themselves and their families, seems so much the normal and right state of things that no other
THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE 3^ is really conceivable. Amusing examples of misplaced benevolence, on the part of Englishmen who thought the one thing necessary was to get a man out of debt and give him a fresh start, are on record. They illustrate chiefly the extreme alacrity of these people to get into debt again. Then it must not be forgotten how young the people are caught in the meshes. It not uncommonly happens that money is borrowed for a boy's wedding, and the boy himself, as soon as he becomes of age, is persuaded to take over the liability for the debt. A great deal of coercion might be applied if he refused. Thus the young man starts life with a load of debt which he will never shake off to his djdng day. Over and above all these considerations stands the prime fact that a moneylender of some sort is an absolute necessity, without which people could not, as society is constituted, go on living at aU. The hope for the future lies in the advance of education. The more educated do not keep free from debt, but they know their liabilities, and are in the way of learning more provident methods of laying out their earnings. A people cannot be incapable of true thrift who are content to live so frugally and to pay so regularly all the spare portion of their income to a class with alien interests. But this is enough to illustrate in what difficulties the economical betterment of our people is involved. It remains briefly to touch on the relations of the Local villages to the Government in ways hitherto undescribed. f^o^^'"- The officials in contact with them are of two classes. Officials, the vUlage officials and the officers of the Government proper. The village officers, being so much nearer,
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THE TELUQU 'COUNTRY :.P;0. 64 \ /,
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BV 3280.T4H62 Christian missions in
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TELUGU GIRLS AT S. EBBA S, JIADRAS.
Page 11: NOTE The present volume is issued a
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Telugu Girls
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Page 21 and 22: THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE 3 The people
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Page 25 and 26: THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE 7 a pedantic
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Page 49 and 50: THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE 25 falls at
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Page 73 and 74: THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE 47 Brahmans,
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MALAS, MADIGAS, AND SUDRAS 89 godde
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MALAS, MADIGAS, AND SUDRAS 91 it. T
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MALAS, MADIGAS, AND SUDRAS 93 effec
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MALAS, MADIGAS, AND SUDRAS 95 if it
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METHODS OF WORK It has been mention
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'1 4V TEACHER AND SCHOOL-CHILDREN O
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100 MISSIONS IN THE TELUGU COUNTRY
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METHODS OF WORK 103 in some central
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METHODS OF WORK 105 as popular desc
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A BULLOCK BANDY. A missionary's enc
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' 114 MISSIONS IN THE TELUGU COUNTR
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ii6 MISSIONS IN THE TELUGU COUNTRY
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ii8 MISSIONS IN THE TELUGU COUNTRY
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Medical ^°'''^- A 122 MISSIONS IN
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THE S.P.G. MISSION : MODERN PERIOD
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THE S.P.G. MISSION : MODERN PERIOD
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A BAZAAR IN KURNOOL. A TODDY-BANDY
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Medical work. Women's missionary wo
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Course of study at Nandyal. 140 MIS
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Religious teaching in the schools.
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THE TRAINING COLLEGE 145 of Old Tes
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THE TRAINING COLLEGE 147 element fr
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THE TRAINING COLLEGE 149 experience
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THE EVANGELISTIC BAND 151 Indian ag
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EVANGELISING THE TELUGU COUNTRY : A
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TX MEDICAL WORK Dispen- Medical wor
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MEDICAL WORK 159 reminded that in I
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MEDICAL WORK i6i to the people. In
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MEDICAL WORK 163 for the school. At
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X WORK AMONG WOMEN AND GIRLS There
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WORK AMONG WOMEN AND GIRLS 167 pers
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*.--^^. THE S.P.G. GIRLS DAY SCHOOL
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The offering of first- fruits. The
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Poor relief. i8o MISSIONS IN THE TE
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XIII THE WORK OF THE CHURCH MISSION
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THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY 189 t
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THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY 191 V
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THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY 193 T
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THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY 195 o
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LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY 197 occup
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LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY 199 In th
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AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY
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AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY
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THE DORNAKAL MISSION 205 members th
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XV REVIEW OF WORK DONE It is natura
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REVIEW OF WORK DONE 209 and girls g
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REVIEW OF WORK DONE 2it Some have a
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not constrained ; REVIEW OF WORK DO
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Abraham, Bhaktula, 63 Additional Cl
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