A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY ...

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Study Tetreault (2006) Observational one group prepost test Sample Characteristics, Sample Size n=10 age 10-12 (5 th and 6 th graders). M=4, F=6, diagnosed with emotional disturbance. All taking meds. 1. Self-identification and management of behaviors. 2. Use skills to interact with others. Table 2.3 Pre-Posttest Studies Details of Selected Studies of EF/AP Targeted Behaviors Intervention/Comparison Assessment Outcome 5 sessions @ 2 hours x 5 weeks. Self-created survey: EAGALA Model. No further details Reported. Claims statistical significance. Used nonstatistical methods to compute statistical outcomes. 25 Shultz (2005) Observational Pre-Posttest Comparison *confound/limitation n= 29 adolescents, age 12-18, in residential care or outpatient treatment. Reported moderate ethnic diversity. Treatment group n=15, M=8, F=7 Comparison group n=14., M=9, F=5, (Aware they were not chosen for intervention).* Both groups received outside therapy* Convenience sample. H1: At-risk adolescents who participate in EAP will experience greater positive therapeutic progress in psychosocial functioning than those who do not. Intrapersonal distress, Somatic, Interpersonal relations, Critical items, social problems, & behavioral dysfunction. Group or individual EAP compared to no treatment. EAP conducted by therapy teams (therapists and horse specialists). EAGALA model. No further details reported. Youth Outcome Questionnaire Self- Report. Youth Outcome Questionnaire- Parent/Caregiver Claims statistically significant positive results; Scores differences reported, no statistics reported. Reports clinical significance. Mentioned reliability and validity, but did not report. Reported no statistically significant change for Ci’s, BD’s, or SP’s. No change for comparison.
Table 2.3--Continued Study Ewing, MacDonald, Taylor, & Bowers (2007) Observational Quantitative & Qualitative Pre-Posttest Comparison. Sample Characteristics, Sample Size n=28 (36 voluntary participants, 28 tested) youths from alternative school w/ SED, age 10-13. M, F, varying ethnicity, low SES. Teacher-referred. 4-5 youths per 9 wk session, Groups selected for similar age & IQ. Wait List comparison. Targeted Behaviors Intervention/Comparison Assessment Outcome Predict ↑ in sense 2 hrs, 2 x wk @ 9 wks=36 h + Pre and post Self- H1-H5 not of self-worth, selfesteem classroom incorporation. Some Perception Profile for supported (H1), inter- riding. Each youth partnered Children (SR). statistically. personal empathy w/a horse for the duration, Empathy Qualitative (H2), and internal hypothesized to form Questionnaire. LOC observational LOC (H3). ↓ in connection & address focus and Scale (mod. Nowicki- data from depression (H4) attention deficits. Participation Strickland Internal- teacher, and loneliness in all aspects of care & handling External Control Scale instructor, and (H5). (except turn-out in pen). for Children. (SR). volunteers did Supervised by teachers and Children’s Depression support positive *sometimes school Inventory (SR). effects. psychologist, with participation Children’s Loneliness of volunteer helpers. Questionnaire. Valid & Reliable. 26 Kaiser, Smith, Heleski, & Spence (2006) Observational Pre-Posttest Comparison *confound/limitation n=17 at-risk 8-13 yr old, M=6, F=11, 15 W, 1 H, 1 NA + 14 SpEd, 10-18 yr old, M=7, F=7 (ethnicity not reported). At-risk: Anger, anxiety, perceived self-competence, gross and fine motor coordination. SpEd: anger, cheerfulness, and behavior At-risk: 1 hour riding 1x week, for 8 weeks=8 riding sessions. SpEd: 1 hour riding 2x week for 4 weeks=8 riding sessions. * 3-5 riders in each group, each session. No further description given. Pre-and post At-risk: Children’s Inventory of Anger, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Self-Perception Profile for Children, Bruininks- Oseretsky test for motor coordination. SpEd: Children’s Inventory of Anger, STCI-S, revised Conners-Wells SRS, Conners’ Parent Rating Scale, long version. At risk: No statistically significant differences, but found ↑ 3-16 in measure of motor coordination. SpEd: Total anger sig ↓; p< 0,05. Scores for cheerfulness not significantly different. Sig. ↑ in children’s perceptions. Boys’ Mom’s perceptions ↑
Page 1 and 2: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Some time ago I ca
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 7 and 8: APPENDIX 6. FUTURE DIRECTIONS .....
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 GRADE
Page 11 and 12: The purpose of this systematic revi
Page 13 and 14: movement manifested in some neurolo
Page 15 and 16: Animals have been used for therapeu
Page 17 and 18: traumatic brain injury, attention d
Page 19 and 20: vendor (Borzo, 2002). Interestingly
Page 21 and 22: therapists address a variety of men
Page 23 and 24: interest in nature-based therapies
Page 25 and 26: their perceptions of the world. Man
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2 METHODS 2.1 Literature Se
Page 29 and 30: Retrieved potentially relevant publ
Page 31 and 32: were achieved in regard to desired
Page 33: Table 2.2--Continued 24 Study Graha
Page 37 and 38: Table 2.4 Pre-Posttest Studies with
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.5--Continued 30 Study Ianno
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 3.1 Description o
Page 43 and 44: used to compute outcomes. In the re
Page 45 and 46: that participants with increased le
Page 47 and 48: 3.1.7.2 GRADE The results of the ap
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION To date, there
Page 51 and 52: generalizability (Shambo et al), or
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 5 IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL W
Page 55 and 56: 5.1.1 Adjunctive Uses Interventions
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite
Page 59 and 60: effects of this application on the
Page 61 and 62: Beckman-Devik, L. & Ansin, C, (Wint
Page 63 and 64: (http://www.horsesandhumans.org/Res
Page 65 and 66: handling, grooming, longeing, ridin
Page 67 and 68: APPENDIX C PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAIN
Page 69 and 70: An acute episode of “reactive air
Page 71 and 72: REFERENCES Acampora, T. (2008). Not
Page 73 and 74: Birch, A. & Hong, C. S. (2007). A l
Page 75 and 76: Cornelius, S. (2002). An explorator
Page 77 and 78: Fine, A., H. (2000). Animals and th
Page 79 and 80: Hansen, K., Messinger, C., Baun, M.
Page 81 and 82: *Kaiser, L. K., Spence, L. J., Lave
Page 83 and 84: Levinson, B. M. (1972). Man, animal
Page 85 and 86:
National Association of Social Work
Page 87 and 88:
Root, A. (2000). Equine-assisted th
Page 89 and 90:
Tedeschi, P. (1992). Guidelines for
Page 91 and 92:
Yorke, J. (2008). The significance
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A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY ...

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