A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY ...

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1.4.3 Further Theoretical Contributions ................................................... 16 2. METHODS .................................................................................................................... 18 2.1 Literature Search ............................................................................................ 18 2.1.1 Data Sources .................................................................................. 18 2.1.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria ..................................................... 18 2.1.3 Data Extraction ............................................................................... 19 2.1.4 Data Synthesis ............................................................................... 21 3. RESULTS ...................................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Description of Studies..................................................................................... 32 3.1.1 Pilot Studies .................................................................................... 33 3.1.2 Observational Pre-Posttest Studies ............................................... 33 3.1.3 Observational Pre-Posttest Studies with Follow-Up ......................................................................................... 35 3.1.4 Program Evaluation ........................................................................ 35 3.1.5 Experimental Study of Efficacy ....................................................... 36 3.1.6 Long-term Effects ........................................................................... 37 3.1.7 Study Quality .................................................................................. 37 4. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................ 40 4.1 Effectiveness: Does it Work? ......................................................................... 40 4.2 Strength of the Research................................................................................ 42 4.3 Confidence Level for Recommendation ......................................................... 42 4.4 Limitations ...................................................................................................... 42 5. IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE ....................................................... 44 5.1 Treatment Applications ................................................................................... 45 5.1.1 Adjunctive Uses .............................................................................. 45 5.2 Precautions and Contraindications ................................................................. 47 vi
APPENDIX 6. FUTURE DIRECTIONS ................................................................................................. 48 6.1 Studies of Specific Populations ...................................................................... 48 6.2 Use of Consistent Definitions of Components of Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy ................................................. 48 6.3 Use of Comparison Groups Receiving Established Interventions and Receiving EAP as an Adjunct or Complementary Therapy................................................... 49 6.4 Longitudinal Designs Investigating Effects of EAP on Humans and Horses .............................................................. 49 6.5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 50 A. EXCLUDED STUDIES .................................................................................................. 51 B. SELECTED RESEARCH TERMINOLOGY AS DEFINED BY <strong>THE</strong> HORSES AND HUMANS RESEARCH FOUNDATION……… ................................. ………………………53 C. PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS AS DEFINED BY <strong>THE</strong> EQUINE-FACILITATED MENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION ................................................................................... 58 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 62 BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION .................................................................................................. 83 vii
Page 1 and 2: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Some time ago I ca
Page 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 GRADE
Page 11 and 12: The purpose of this systematic revi
Page 13 and 14: movement manifested in some neurolo
Page 15 and 16: Animals have been used for therapeu
Page 17 and 18: traumatic brain injury, attention d
Page 19 and 20: vendor (Borzo, 2002). Interestingly
Page 21 and 22: therapists address a variety of men
Page 23 and 24: interest in nature-based therapies
Page 25 and 26: their perceptions of the world. Man
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2 METHODS 2.1 Literature Se
Page 29 and 30: Retrieved potentially relevant publ
Page 31 and 32: were achieved in regard to desired
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.2--Continued 24 Study Graha
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.3--Continued Study Ewing, M
Page 37 and 38: Table 2.4 Pre-Posttest Studies with
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.5--Continued 30 Study Ianno
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 3.1 Description o
Page 43 and 44: used to compute outcomes. In the re
Page 45 and 46: that participants with increased le
Page 47 and 48: 3.1.7.2 GRADE The results of the ap
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION To date, there
Page 51 and 52: generalizability (Shambo et al), or
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 5 IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL W
Page 55 and 56: 5.1.1 Adjunctive Uses Interventions
Page 57 and 58:
CHAPTER 6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite
Page 59 and 60:
effects of this application on the
Page 61 and 62:
Beckman-Devik, L. & Ansin, C, (Wint
Page 63 and 64:
(http://www.horsesandhumans.org/Res
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handling, grooming, longeing, ridin
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APPENDIX C PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAIN
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An acute episode of “reactive air
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REFERENCES Acampora, T. (2008). Not
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Birch, A. & Hong, C. S. (2007). A l
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Cornelius, S. (2002). An explorator
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Fine, A., H. (2000). Animals and th
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Hansen, K., Messinger, C., Baun, M.
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*Kaiser, L. K., Spence, L. J., Lave
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Levinson, B. M. (1972). Man, animal
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National Association of Social Work
Page 87 and 88:
Root, A. (2000). Equine-assisted th
Page 89 and 90:
Tedeschi, P. (1992). Guidelines for
Page 91 and 92:
Yorke, J. (2008). The significance
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