A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY ...

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Table 2.6 Experimental Design Studies Details of Selected Studies of EF/AP 31 Study Trotter, Chandler, Goodwin- Bond, & Casey (2008) Observational Pre- post Experimental Comparison (Efficacy) Sample Characteristics, Sample Size N=164. M=102, F=62. Various ethnicities, mostly white,3 rd -8 th graders w/similar demographics identified at-risk by school counselors who accepted an invitation to participate in group counseling. Treatment n=126 Comparison n=38. EAC assigned to individual groups by school.* * (participant bias) Targeted Behaviors Intervention/Comparison Assessment Outcome EAC: 12 weeks @ 2 hours BASC SRS and PRS each, 6-8 group participants. Pre and post.+ PSF Traditional talk, group (Chandler, 2005; not processing, EAGALA model standardized) to + complementary adventurebased track ct progress tx activities. Provided between sessions. by 1 experienced & certified Control Grp data not mh counselor + equine begun until 2 nd specialist. Manualized. semester→ data for RD (Exemplary SA only 1 semester.* Prevention Award: Experimental Grp SAMHSA, 1999): indoor, data for 2 school-based group semesters.* counseling, 6-8 participants, 12 weeks @ 1 hour.* Provided by trained school counselor. Manualized. Prevention and resolution of emotional and behavioral concerns.Enhance self-awareness, recognition of dysfunctional behavior patterns, & foster health relationships. * (dosage) Reliability and validity reported. EAC: statistically sig ↓ -behaviors & statistically sig ↑ +behaviors, BASC SRS in 5 areas: 1. ESI 2. CMC 3. AS 4. SIS 5. RPS + 12 PRS: 1.BSI 2, EPC3. IPC 4. ASS 5. HS 6. AS 7. CPS 8. AS 9. DS 10. SS 11. APS 12. SSS RD: stat sig ↓ 1 –behavior & stat sig ↑ 4 + behaviors, BASC SRS: ↑ 1. ESI 2. PAC 3. SSS 4. S- ES + 1 PRS: ↓ DS. Both effective, EAC superior. *confound/limitation
CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 3.1 Description of Studies One hundred and three studies were screened for eligibility to be included in this review; eventually, 88 studies were excluded based on the above criteria. Of those that were excluded, forty were commentaries or were in foreign languages and unable to be translated using free computer translation software; twenty-two studies were excluded because they reported on psychosocial benefits among people with physical disabilities; eight studies were excluded because they were published before 2000; thirteen qualitative studies were excluded; and six studies could not be accessed in full for review. The remaining fourteen studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Of the fourteen studies selected for review, four were pilot studies (Bowers & MacDonald, 2004; Kaiser, Spence, Lavergne, & VandenBosch, 2004; Graham, 2007; Schultz, Remick-Barlow & Robbins, 2007; see Table 2.2). Table 2.3 contains one observational study employing a onegroup pre- and posttest design (Tetreault, 2006), and four observational comparison studies utilizing pre- and posttest measures (Ewing, MacDonald, Taylor & Bowers, 2007; Kaiser, Smith, Heleski & Spence, 2006; Russell-Martin, 2006; Shultz, 2005).. Observational studies utilizing onegroup pre- and posttest designs with follow-up are shown in Table 2.4 (Klontz, Bivens, Leinart, & Klontz, 2007; Shambo, Seely, & Vonderfecht, 2007). Two program evaluations are summarized in Table 2.5 (Greenwald, 2001; Iannone, 2003). One experimental efficacy study employing a preposttest comparison design is depicted in Table 2.6 (Trotter, Chandler, Goodwin-Bond & Casey, 2008). 32
Page 1 and 2: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Some time ago I ca
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Page 7 and 8: APPENDIX 6. FUTURE DIRECTIONS .....
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 GRADE
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Page 67 and 68: APPENDIX C PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAIN
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Page 71 and 72: REFERENCES Acampora, T. (2008). Not
Page 73 and 74: Birch, A. & Hong, C. S. (2007). A l
Page 75 and 76: Cornelius, S. (2002). An explorator
Page 77 and 78: Fine, A., H. (2000). Animals and th
Page 79 and 80: Hansen, K., Messinger, C., Baun, M.
Page 81 and 82: *Kaiser, L. K., Spence, L. J., Lave
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Page 87 and 88: Root, A. (2000). Equine-assisted th
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Yorke, J. (2008). The significance
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