A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY ...

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CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR EQUINE-FACILITATED MENTAL HEALTH ACTIVITES (NARHA EFMHA, 2008, p. 1) Client is currently: • Actively dangerous to self or others (suicidal, homicidal, aggressive) • Actively delirious, demented, dissociative, psychotic, severely confused (including severe delusion involving horses) • Medically unstable • Actively substance abusing NARRATIVE FOR CONTRAINDICATIONS: “Dangerous to self or others” is the clinically accepted term to describe those clients experiencing a psychiatric emergency. Equine experiences cannot be safely facilitated for clients exhibiting these behaviors. “Actively delirious, demented, dissociative, psychotic, or severely confused”, as well as “actively substance abusing” reflects the committee’s agreement that equine experiences cannot be safely facilitated when clients are exhibiting serious alterations in mental status. “Medical instability” can be associated with a variety of psychosocial challenges. The committee seeks to enhance awareness that physical/medical issues must always be considered as part of a thorough clinical assessment. 61
REFERENCES Acampora, T. (2008). Nothing short of a miracle. Directions, 4, 8-10. Aduddell, M.M. (2003). Effects of equine assisted psychotherapy on adolescent attitudes and behaviors. Unpublished manuscript. Colorado Christian University. Aetna (2008, April). Clinical policy bulletin: Hippotherapy. Number 0151. Retrieved December 10, 2008, from http://www.aetna.com/cph/medical/data/100_199/0151.html All, A. C., Loving, G. L., & Crane, L. L. (1999). Animals, horseback riding, and implications for rehabilitation therapy. Journal of Rehabilitation. 65, 49-57. Anderson, D. C. (2004). The human-companion animal bond. The Reference Librarian, 86, 7-23. Bailey, L. (2001). Evolutionary psychology and risk taking. Medical News Today, 8, 9-14. Bain, A. M. (1965). Pony riding for the disabled. Physiotherapy, 51(8), 263-265. Barker, S. & Dawson, K. (1998). The effects of animal assisted therapy on anxiety ratings of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Psychiatric Services, 49(6), 797-801. Barker, S. B. & Wolen, A. R. (2008). The benefits of human-companion animal interaction: A review. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 35(4), 487-495. Batson, K., McCabe, B., Baun, M., & Wilson, C. (1998). The effect of a therapy dog on socialization and physiological indicators of stress in persons diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. In C. Wilson & D. Turner (Eds.), Companion animals in human health (pp. 203- 215). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Beck, A. & Katcher, A. (1996). Between pets and people: The importance of animal companionship. Revised Edition. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. Beck, A. M. & Katcher, A. H. (2001). Future directions in human-animal bond research. American Behavioral Scientist, 47, 79-93. 62
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A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Some time ago I ca
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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APPENDIX 6. FUTURE DIRECTIONS .....
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LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 GRADE
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The purpose of this systematic revi
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movement manifested in some neurolo
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Animals have been used for therapeu
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traumatic brain injury, attention d
Page 19 and 20: vendor (Borzo, 2002). Interestingly
Page 21 and 22: therapists address a variety of men
Page 23 and 24: interest in nature-based therapies
Page 25 and 26: their perceptions of the world. Man
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2 METHODS 2.1 Literature Se
Page 29 and 30: Retrieved potentially relevant publ
Page 31 and 32: were achieved in regard to desired
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.2--Continued 24 Study Graha
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.3--Continued Study Ewing, M
Page 37 and 38: Table 2.4 Pre-Posttest Studies with
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.5--Continued 30 Study Ianno
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 3.1 Description o
Page 43 and 44: used to compute outcomes. In the re
Page 45 and 46: that participants with increased le
Page 47 and 48: 3.1.7.2 GRADE The results of the ap
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION To date, there
Page 51 and 52: generalizability (Shambo et al), or
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 5 IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL W
Page 55 and 56: 5.1.1 Adjunctive Uses Interventions
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite
Page 59 and 60: effects of this application on the
Page 61 and 62: Beckman-Devik, L. & Ansin, C, (Wint
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Page 65 and 66: handling, grooming, longeing, ridin
Page 67 and 68: APPENDIX C PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAIN
Page 69: An acute episode of “reactive air
Page 73 and 74: Birch, A. & Hong, C. S. (2007). A l
Page 75 and 76: Cornelius, S. (2002). An explorator
Page 77 and 78: Fine, A., H. (2000). Animals and th
Page 79 and 80: Hansen, K., Messinger, C., Baun, M.
Page 81 and 82: *Kaiser, L. K., Spence, L. J., Lave
Page 83 and 84: Levinson, B. M. (1972). Man, animal
Page 85 and 86: National Association of Social Work
Page 87 and 88: Root, A. (2000). Equine-assisted th
Page 89 and 90: Tedeschi, P. (1992). Guidelines for
Page 91 and 92: Yorke, J. (2008). The significance
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