COST 507 - Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto

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The Cu-Cr-Zr Phase Diagram and Its Applications K .Zeng* and M. Hämäläinen** institute of Materials Research, GKSS-Research Center, Germany **Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland Abstract The phase diagrams of the Cu-Cr-Zr ternary and its sub-binary systems were optimised and calculated by using the CALPHAD method. An experiment was also carried out to check the reliability of the optimised thermodynamic parameters and clear up the confusion concerning the phase relationships in the Cu-rich corner of the Cu-Cr-Zr phase diagram. All the experimental data from the literature, phase diagram data and thermodynamic data, were evaluated carefully before being used in optimisation. The adjustable parameters of a thermodynamic model for each phase were selected by considering what thermodynamic quantities are connected with the measured values and how these quantities are connected with the parameters. When the entropy term is necessary in the case where Gibbs energies or phase diagram data are measured within a narrow temperature range, the Tanaka-Gokcen-Morita relationship was used to keep the ratio of enthalpy of mixing to the excess entropy of mixing constant. A complete thermodynamic description of the Cu-Cr-Zr system was obtained and used to calculate various phase diagram sections which are of theoretical and practical importance. Some experimental results from the literature were discussed on the basis of the calculated phase diagrams. The existence of the pseudobinary Cu-Cr 2 Zr system proposed in the literature has been ruled out. The results of the present study can be used not only as references for the experimental investigations on optimisation of the composition of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys and their production techniques, but also be combined with other evaluations based on the same type of thermodynamic models to provide a thermodynamic basis for alloy design. Publications 1. Kejun Zeng, Marko Hämäläinen, and Kaj Lilius, "Thermodynamic Modeling of theLaves Phases in the Cr-Zr System", CALPHAD 1993, 17 (1), 101-107. 2. Kejun Zeng and Marko Hämäläinen, "A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Cr- Zr System", Z. Metallkde. 1993, 84 (1), 23-28. 3. Kejun Zeng and Marko Hämäläinen, "Thermodynamic Analysis of Stable and Metastable Equilibria in the Cu-Cr System", CALPHAD 1995, 19(1), 93-104. 4. Kejun Zeng, Marko Hämäläinen, and Hans Leo Lukas, "A New Thermodynamic Description of the Cu-Zr System", J. Phase Equilibria 1994, 15 (6), 577-586. - 228 -
Kejun Zeng and Marko Hämäläinen, "A Theoretical Study of the Phase Equilibria in the Cu-Cr-Zr System", J. Alloys and Compounds 1995, 220, 53- 61. Kejun Zeng, Marko Hämäläinen, and Kaj Lilius, "Phase Relationships in Curich Corner of the Cu-Cr-Zr Phase Diagram", Scr. Metall. Mater. 1995, 32 (12), 2009-2014. K .Zeng and M. Hämäläinen, "The Cu-Cr-Zr Phase Diagram and Its Applications", in "European Concerted Action: Database for the Development of New Light Alloys (COST-507)", Proc. Conf. (ed. P. Spencer), March 9-12, 1997, Vaals, Netherland Publications in COST 507 Action 1. Zeng, K., Hämäläinen M., Luoma, R., A thermodynamic assessment of the Cr-Zr system, Report TKK-V-B66 (1991) 2. Coughanowr, CA., Ansara, I., Luoma, R., Hämäläinen, M., Lukas, L., Assessment of the Cu-Mg system, Z. Metallkunde, 1991, 82, (7), pp. 574-581 3. Zeng, K., Hämäläinen, M., Lilius, K., Thermodynamic modeling of the Laves phases in the Cr-Zr system, CALPHAD, 17 (1993), p. 101-107. 4. Zeng, K., Hämäläinen, M., Luoma, R., A thermodynamic assessment of the Cr-Zr system, Z. Metallkunde, 84, (1993), p. 23-28. 5. Zeng, K., Hämäläinen, M., Thermodynamic analysis of the stable and metastable equilibrium diagrams of the Cu-Cr system, Report TKK-V-B87 (1993) 6. Zeng, K., Hämäläinen, M., A new thermodynamic description of the Cu-Zr system, Report TKK-V-B87 (1993) 7. Zeng, K., Hämäläinen, M., Lukas, H.-L., A New Thermodynamic Description of the Cu-Zr System, J. of Phase Equilibria, vol. 15, No. 6, 1994, pp. 577-586 8. Zeng, K., Hämäläinen, M., A Theoretical Study of the Phase Equilibria in the Cu- Cr-Zr System, Proceedings of the 5th Inter. Conf. on Thermodynamics of Alloys, April 25-28, 1994, Genova, Italy, J. Alloys ά Compounds, vol 220 (1995), pp. 53- 61 9. Isopiestic determination of the coefficients of activity of magnesium in Al-Cu-Mg liquid alloys, Soares, D., Malheiros, L.F., Hämäläinen, M., Castro, F., Proceedings of the 5th Inter. Conf. on Thermodynamics of Alloys, April 25-28, 1994, Genova, Italy, J. Alloys & Compounds, vol 220 (1995), pp. 179-181 10. Phase relationships in Cu-rich corner of the Cu-Cr-Zr phase diagram, Zeng, K., Hämäläinen, M., Lilius, K., Scripta metall, et mater, vol 32, No. 12, 1995, pp. 2009-2014 - 229 -
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European Commission COST European c
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European Commission COST European c
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Preface The Final Workshop of the C
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COST 507 STRUCTURE Measurement and
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GRl: Mirtee S.A., Volos Mr.P.Polati
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D9 Dll Fl GR2 II NI S3 SF1 "Thermop
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A Summary of the COST 507 Action an
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Aluminium-based systems Titanium-ba
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An Example using the COST 507 Datab
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Appendix COST 507: Some Key Meeting
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Al - 0.5 Fe, 1 Mg, 0.8 Mn, 0.2 Si (
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Fig 4 Aluminium beverage cans. The
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Fig 6 High pressure compressor vane
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INTRODUCTION All of us are aware of
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In the interaction with materials a
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There was a first warning more than
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Some time ago, the well-known physi
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Today there is a whole range of ins
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The dimension of this reservoir inc
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REFERENCES [ 1 ] G. Petzow, "Man, M
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Trends in Application of Materials
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Raw Materials The Cycle of Material
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i LÌ i.'»Af·· iù^ VV.V.X. iTTa
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1600 OJ 1200 .« 1100 d 1000 900 Si
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Al Phase Relations in the Aluminium
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oundaries of the single phase regio
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Table 1 : Crystallographic Data of
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order to facilitate the evaluation
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(especially around 33 at% Mg) in or
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3.System Ti-Sn-Al-N. The investigat
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6) N.Durlu, U.Gruber, M.Pietzka, H.
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Summary of final report Directional
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calculate the thermodynamic mixing
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Introduction It is the aim of this
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Thermodynamic evaluations for high
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Figure 5 presents the calculated li
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There is a complete lack in the lit
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a.B5 ø.ia 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
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700 [53Phi] 800 +[90Kuz21 ]iquld a
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Thermodynamic Assessments, Experime
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AIN and TiNi_ x is also given. Vari
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satisfied the three requirements of
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84Bey R. Beyers, R. Sinclair, and M
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Material and Methods 2.1 Fabricatio
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3.4 Electronmicroscopy (SEM) and X-
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Tab. 3: Density of the Ti20Albase
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Tab.5. continued TÌ20A1 5CulONi Ti
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Fig. 3: ESMA and Xray diffraction
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Fig.7: Wetting angle of Ti 15A1 lOC
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Thermophysical Properties of Light
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Tab.2 Chemical composition of terna
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700 (AI)+AIFeS¡«_600 KS1275.1 l
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4.2 Thermal conductivity of industr
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4.3 AlSiZn alloys Electrical re
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94Jar/Bra G.Jaroma-Weiland, R.Brand
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MgZn9 (C 14) and Mg2Zn u in the Al
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The three Laves phases were describ
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References [13Ege] G. Eger, Z. Meta
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0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 mole fract
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□ [48Koe] 600 500 400 0 0.1 0
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MggZn,, this work □ Single phase,
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Temperatures in °C 0.05 0.10 mole
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Table 2 : Alloy compositions Alloy
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All. Dy 50 Cpexp °C Cpadd Table 5
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Zn ¿Kl Si Fig. 2 : Position of the
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22.5 ■■ 7.5 Temperature ICI Tem
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.to 2.5 "lõõ soo iÍOõ dOõ rtõ
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GR2 Differential Scanning Calorimet
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Time (x10 3 sec) Fig. 1. DSC Thermo
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solidification. It can be seen that
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4. Conclusions Differential scannin
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COST 507 - ROUND Π UNIT II SEZIONE
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[96Sac] The Rrich regions of the
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List of publications in the framewo
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2Contributions: oral or posters p
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1996 REPORT 2 s ' PART: ACTIVITY CA
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[96Sei] Excess Gibbs energy coeffic
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List of publications in the framewo
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Proc. :7 th Meeting on "Syntheses a
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2.1 Solid solubility measurements T
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eviews by Rivlin and Raynor [81 Riv
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inaires. Thesis, Universite Scienti
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Table 1. Review of the ternary phas
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L) Liq+bcc=FeSi+t_1 M) Liq+t 1=FeSi
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Extrapolations based on Ti-C-N S3 B
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value has been accepted in all thre
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Page 185 and 186: Jonsson combined his descriptions o
Page 187 and 188: Table II. Solubility product of TiC
Page 189 and 190: Ti-C, Z.Metallkd. 86 (1995) 5 319
Page 191 and 192: 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Τ (K) Fig
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Page 195 and 196: M^øD^ O Kelley(1944) • Kelley an
Page 197 and 198: — cale, with Dumitrescu (1997) -
Page 199 and 200: € gfc-π m-, .-π-, π-π .-saa J
Page 201 and 202: +graph 0 TiN 0.2 0.4 0.6 X TiC 0.8
Page 203 and 204: Binder et al (1992) TiN 1423 K ■
Page 205 and 206: 0.08 600°C 700°C 800°C 900°C 10
Page 207 and 208: [59Sto]: Ä600°C □ 70D°C O8Q0°
Page 209 and 210: 2000 Cale, with Saunders (1997) —
Page 211 and 212: An Experimental Investigation of th
Page 213 and 214: An Experimental Investigation of th
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Page 217 and 218: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE C
Page 219 and 220: Fig.1 SEM micrographs of CuMgZr
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Page 223 and 224: Thermodynamic Evaluations of the Al
Page 225 and 226: Fcc_Al aves_C15 ONU ΔΝ12 αΝ13
Page 227 and 228: 2.2 Assessment The optimisation of
Page 229 and 230: 0.50 0.45 CulOZr7/ 0. 40 Or ^ 0.3
Page 231: References [71Kri] Kripyakevich, P.
Page 235 and 236: for detennining phase boundary and
Page 237 and 238: Table 2 Al-Fe-Mn results wt%Fe 0.5
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Page 241 and 242: the observed A2-B2 ordering. This p
Page 243 and 244: 1473K Ahmed & Flower [94 Ahmi] 0.2
Page 245 and 246: 900K Paruchuri & Massalski [91Par]
Page 247 and 248: BCC_B2#2 TI3RL TIPL BCC B2#2 TIRL
Page 249 and 250: 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 X(LIQ,V) Figure 15
Page 251 and 252: 1 Introduction and Overview of the
Page 253 and 254: at least 95% by Fe, possibly 99%, a
Page 255 and 256: 8 References 43Phi H W L Phillips,
Page 257 and 258: 1050 1000 Isopleth, Al - Si - 4 wt
Page 259 and 260: Al-Mn-Si 873 K 0.90 Liquid 0.80 0.7
Page 261 and 262: A Thermochemical Assessment of Data
Page 263 and 264: certainly due to the appearance of
Page 265 and 266: Materials Science Centre, November
Page 267 and 268: 1400 Al-Mn Fig 2 Calculated partial
Page 269 and 270: 1000 ι AlMn I Ι 950 Liquid E ω
Page 271 and 272: Al-Fe-Mn 843 K 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60
Page 273 and 274: AlFeMn section at 2 wt% Mn co
Page 275: 0.50 0.45 0.40-1 LU £ 0.35 LU 0.30
Page 279: European Commission EUR 18171 —CO
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NOTICE TO THE READER Information on
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