Ecotourism - upload.wikimedia....

• Key stakeholders: Government/protected area agencies, Tourism operators, Tourists and local
communities
• Human/anthropocentirc ethic vs bio-centric ethic.
• Western world view based ethic – anthropocentric - nature can be perceived only on the
perspective of human values
• Eastern word view based ethic – bio centric/intrinsic – all living and non living being has their
own rights to existence.
• Bio centric – preservationist – practice of little interventions, placing high value on resources,
responsible use and very small numbers of tourists.
• The choices the people make with respect to tourism reflect the importance of environmental
values in their lives (Philpsen, 1995).
• Codes of ethics – philosophical and value based
• Environmental commitment, responsibility, integrated planning, environmentally sound
management, cooperation between decision-makers and public awareness
• Codes of practice – practical and local specific
• Deontology or right behavior is an ethical approach which suggests that an act is right or
wrong on the basis of rules or principles of action or duties or rights or virtues – ex. illegal
hunting is poaching.
• Teteology or good behaviors are an ethical approach which suggests that an act is right or
wrong solely on the basis of consequences of its performance.
• Existentiausm - authentic behavior
• Right behavior, good behavior, authentic behavior
• Approx. 77% of the codes/guidelines based on Deontological in nature.
Measurement of ethical consideration in ecotourism activities
• New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) scale (Jurowski et al 1995)
– Published in 1978, Riley Dunlup and Kent Van Liere
• Multidimensional Ethics Scale (MES) (Reidenbach and Robin, 1988/1990)
OCEANIC SOCIETY - ECOTOURISM CODE OF ETHICS
• CODE OF ECOTOURISM ETHICS
• Conducts eco-tours with a non-invasive approach to viewing wildlife and wilderness
exploration.
• Act to minimize local cultural impact.
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