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Deming’s Cycle
P (Planning): Emphasis on working out what is needed to reach a very specific target
outcome…designed to improve procedures.
(D0): Involves trying out the process that has been planned in a practical setting…done on as small a
scale as possible
C (Check)/Study: Assessing or measuring the results and then comparing them to the expected
outcomes to detect any differences.
A (Act): First analyzing the differences between the expected and actual outcome…idea is to assess
what changes need to be made to rectify this and then carry out these changes
Deming’s 14 Key Principles
1. Create consistency of purpose toward improvement of product and service, with the aim to
become competitive and to stay in business, and to provide jobs.
2. Adopting the philosophy of cooperation (win-win), helps everybody to win and put it into
practice by teaching it to employees, customers and suppliers.
3. Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Eliminate the need for inspection on a
mass basis by building in-built inspection process for maintaining quality.
4. Employers are suggested not just to look for short term cost advantages rather they should
work to minimize costs in the long run.
5. Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service, to improve quality and
productivity, and thus constantly decrease costs.
6. Institute training on the job regularly to update employees skills and knowledge in the changed
situation.
7. Institute leadership to adopt and manage skills, abilities, capabilities and aspiration of people.
Leaders in the organization must concentrate on helping people for better job.
8. Drive out fear and develop trust so that everyone may work effectively for the company
9. Break down barriers between departments since people in research, design, sales, and
production must work as a team to foresee problems of production and in use that may be
encountered with the product or service.
10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the workforce asking for zero defects and new
levels of productivity. Such exhortations only create adversarial relationships, as the bulk of
the causes of low quality and low productivity belong to the system and thus lie beyond the
power of the work force.
11. Eliminate numerical since only numerical goals and quotas can not work. Concept of MBO is
important to substitute leadership
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