Ecotourism - upload.wikimedia....

• Man is only perceived as the user of Nature, not as an integral part of her.
• By the ninth century „Man and nature are now two things, man is master‟ believe developed in
Europe
World views on Environment and resources
• Eastern and indigenous
Part of the nature: live with the nature
• The world as manifestation of a basic oneness.
• Basudaiva Kutumbakam.
• Human as a part of the whole/natural system.
• Importance of relationship of living and nonliving things.
Humankind has not woven the web of life. We are but one thread within it. Whatever we do to the web,
we do to ourselves. All things are bound together All things connect….” Chief Seattle
Exploitation of nature resources
• Western world views promote colonisation , conversion and exploitation
• Wilderness areas are home to pagans. So needs conversion to bring religious order.
• Wild areas are waste or lands not used by human beings are wastelands.
• The 1870‟s saw the final decimation of the bison herds. In 1871 Col. R. I. Dodge reported one
herd in Colorado being 50 miles wide and 20 miles long, estimated at 4 million head.
• Over 8.5 million bison were shot dead in 1871-73. Boson population dropped form 60
million to 150 within 30 yrs, (1869-1889) .
• In 1806, Alexander Wilson, an ornithologist for whom the Wilson Society is named, recorded
a flight a mile wide and 40 miles along, estimated to be over two billion birds.
• 15 million passenger pigeon shipped to market in 1861.
• The last passenger pigeon died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914.
Root of conservatism
• Realisation of the importance of nature as an economic, aesthetic, and spiritual resource, together
with a newly urgent conviction that nature's resources were increasingly imperiled.
• Inspired by Writers, Explorers, Photographers, Artists etc helped preserve American wilderness
some of noted were Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, George Catlin, John Muir,
Leopold, Pinchot etc
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