Appendices - GSA

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Figure A-13: Typical solar water heating system schematic Typical solar water-heating systems are sized to provide 40 percent to 70 percent of water-heating requirements. Typical solar pool-heating systems use unglazed polymer collectors to provide 50 percent to 100 percent of swimming pool heating requirements. Typical systems generate 1,600 therms or 46,000 kWh of energy per year and cost $0.30 to $0.50/Watt (of peak capacity). Typical flat plate collectors deliver about 900 kWh/m 2 /year and cost $1/Watt to $2/Watt, or 8¢/kWh. The energy costs of solar thermal systems have declined by more than 50 percent due to technology improvements. Parabolic trough collectors with evacuated tubes cost about $1/Watt and deliver about 900 kWh/m 2 /year. Key companies developing or selling solar water heaters include: Alternative Energy Technologies; Harter Industries; Aquatherm; Duke Solar; FAFCO; Heliodyne, Inc.; Radco Products; Sun Earth; Sun Systems; ThermoTechnologies; Industrial Solar Technology and Thermal Conversion Technologies. [ref. 5] About 1.2 million solar water-heating systems have been installed in the United States, mostly from 1981 to 1986 when federal and state tax credits were in effect. Many of these buildings use expensive electricity or propane to heat water and sites should consider solar hot water when ports are expanding or remodeling. 68
Figure A-14: Solar water heating system at Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Oklahoma Water heating load (gallons per day) is estimated according to the statistics available in reference [ref. 9] and listed in Table A-10. Table A-10: Information for Water Heating Load Used for Analysis Hot Water as Fraction of Total Building Energy Office 0.089506 Education 0.21942 Health Care 0.262063 lodging 0.403771 public assembly 0.153914 food service 0.112016 food sales 0.042623 warehouse 0.052219 other 15.3 0.08885 all 0.152486 source: DOE/OBT Energy Databook SDHW Efficiency 0.4 Cost 73 $/sf O&M Cost 0.005 % of initial cost Aux efficiency 0.8 69
Page 1 and 2: Appendix A. Detailed Methodology A.
Page 3 and 4: Initial cost, efficiency, and opera
Page 5 and 6: Table A-1: Characteristics of Dayli
Page 7 and 8: Table A-2: Illuminance Information
Page 9 and 10: Table A-2: Illuminance Information
Page 12 and 13: Table A-3: Characteristics of Wind
Page 14 and 15: Table A-4: Land Required and Land A
Page 16 and 17: Table A-4: Land Required and Land A
Page 18 and 19: Biomass Energy Biomass energy is fu
Page 20 and 21: Orchard and Grape (Dry Tonnes/Year)
Page 22 and 23: A.2.3.2 Technology Characteristics
Page 24 and 25: three systems and costs are, theref
Page 26 and 27: These systems offer lower electrica
Page 28 and 29: not accounted for in this analysis
Page 30 and 31: Table A-7: Additional Information f
Page 32 and 33: Table A-7: Additional Information f
Page 34 and 35: Solar Resources The solar resource
Page 36 and 37: of the wall admits fresh air withou
Page 38 and 39: The size of a solar ventilation air
Page 42 and 43: Suggested size for the solar water
Page 44 and 45: other with an embedded conductor wi
Page 46 and 47: System efficiency is taken to be 77
Page 48 and 49: Since the system has moving parts,
Page 50 and 51: Table A-13: Location and Size of th
Page 56 and 57: Table A-14: Base Case Electricity C
Page 58 and 59: Table A-14: Base Case Electricity C
Page 60 and 61: Table A-15: Base Case Oil Consumpti
Page 62 and 63: Table A-16: Base Case Natural Gas C
Page 64 and 65: Geographical Information System (GI
Page 66 and 67: Table A-17: RE Resource Information
Page 68 and 69: Table A-17: RE Resource Information
Page 70 and 71: Table A-18: City Cost Adjustments f
Page 72 and 73: Table A-18: City Cost Adjustments f
Page 74 and 75: Figure A-20: Illustration of the so
Page 76 and 77: Kenneth Ward, WA Blaine, WA Blaine,
Page 78 and 79: Table B-2: RE Use as Percentage of
Page 80 and 81: Table B-2: RE Use as Percentage of
Page 82 and 83: Table B-4: CO 2 Avoided with RE Sol
Page 84 and 85: Table B-4: CO 2 Avoided by Site (wi
Page 86 and 87: B.3 Initial Cost Initial cost of $0
Page 88 and 89: Table B-6: Initial Costs for RE Tec
Page 90 and 91:
Table B-6: Initial Costs for RE Tec
Page 92 and 93:
Table B-8: Fuel Escalation Rates Us
Page 94 and 95:
Table B-10: Life-Cycle Costs for RE
Page 96 and 97:
Table B-10: Life-Cycle Costs for RE
Page 98 and 99:
Table B-11: RE Solutions that Minim
Page 100 and 101:
Table B-11: RE Solutions that Minim
Page 102 and 103:
Table B-12: Daylighting Calculation
Page 104 and 105:
Table B-12: Daylighting Calculation
Page 106 and 107:
Table B-13: Wind Energy Calculation
Page 108 and 109:
Table B-13: Wind Energy Calculation
Page 110 and 111:
Table B-14: Calculations for Biomas
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Table B-16: Details of Solar Ventil
Page 118 and 119:
Table B-16: Details of Solar Ventil
Page 120 and 121:
Table B-17: Details of Solar Water
Page 122 and 123:
Table B-17: Details of Solar Water
Page 124 and 125:
LPOE Site Name Table B-18: Return o
Page 126 and 127:
The following LPOE Sites did not ha
Page 128 and 129:
Appendix C. Results of Life-Cycle C
Page 130 and 131:
type of arrangement the customer pa
Page 132 and 133:
Table C-1: Initial Cost of RE Techn
Page 134 and 135:
Table C-1: Initial Cost of RE Techn
Page 136 and 137:
Table C-2: Size of RE Technology th
Page 138 and 139:
Table C-2: Size of RE Technology th
Page 140 and 141:
Table C-4: Return on Investment for
Page 142 and 143:
Table C-4: Return on Investment for
Page 144:
[13] Emissions from Integrated MSW
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Appendices - GSA

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