PhD Fekete - SZIE version - 2.2 - Szent István Egyetem

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Literature review 2.1.2. Structural build-up of the knee and the major bones The knee joint is a closed system, built up from ligaments and muscles. This system is generally defined as one of our organs (Figure 2.2). Often, it is considered in the modelling as a simple hinge that carries out planar motion, while in reality, it is the largest and most complex (related to its function and its geometry as well) mechanism of our body [Standring, 2008]. Figure 2.2. Anterolateral aspect of the knee joint [Standring, 2008]. Functionally, it is not a gynglymus (planar joint) but strictly trochogynglymus (spatial joint) joint type [Szentágothai, 2006]. The knee joint allows both flexion and extension about a virtual transverse axis of the femur and a slight medial-lateral rotation about the tibial axis (the lower leg) during the movement. The knee joint carries out local movement as well, since rolling and sliding occurs between the condyles of the femur and tibia during extension-flexion. Three major bones can be distinguished concerning the bones of the knee joint: femur, tibia and patella (Figure 2.3 and Figure 2.6). The joint baths in a synovial fluid, which is responsible for the proper lubrication between the sliding-rolling contact surfaces, the so-called condyles. 2.1.2.1. Femur and Tibia The femur is the largest and longest bone of the human body. The length of an average adult male femur is about 43.85 ± 3.549 cm while a female is 42.19 ± 3.127 cm [Özaslan et al., 2003]. The femur has the ability to support up to 30 times the full body weight of an adult. The structure of the bone can be divided into three parts such as, body part and the two extremities: the proximalis part (upper) and distalis part (lower) (Figure 2.3). The tibia has a prismoid form and it expands at the top where it enters into the knee joint. It also contracts in the lower third and then again enlarges but to a lesser extent towards the ankle joint (Figure 2.3). The length of an average adult male tibia is about 38.37 ± 2.398 cm while a female is 35.13 ± 2.215 cm [Özaslan et al., 2003]. The highest internal load during gait can reach 4.7 times of the bodyweight – 12 –
Literature review Figure 2.3. The femur and the tibia [Standring, 2008] The proximalis part joints the hip similarly to a socket-ball connection, while the distalis part connects the tibia and the patella together. By looking at the distalis part from the front (Figure 2.4), the different surfaces such as the lateral or medial condyles can be fairly well distinguished. Figure 2.4. Condyles of the femur (right leg) [Standring, 2008] – 13 –
Page 1 and 2: SZENT ISTVÁN UNIVERSITY KINETICS A
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS NOMENCLATURE AND ABBREVIAT
Page 5 and 6: NOMENCLATURE AND ABBREVIATIONS F pf
Page 7 and 8: ψ : Angle between the quadriceps t
Page 9 and 10: v CTt : Tangential velocity compone
Page 11 and 12: Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION AND OB
Page 13 and 14: 1.3. Aims of the PhD thesis Introdu
Page 15: Literature review 2. LITERATURE REV
Page 19 and 20: Literature review Figure 2.6. Patel
Page 21 and 22: Literature review Figure 2.8. Compo
Page 23 and 24: Literature review The knee carries
Page 25 and 26: Literature review For this reason,
Page 27 and 28: Literature review Figure 2.12. Thre
Page 29 and 30: Literature review As a short overvi
Page 31 and 32: Literature review Moment arm 60 [mm
Page 33 and 34: Literature review I. They demonstra
Page 35 and 36: Literature review The presented mod
Page 37 and 38: Literature review ε angle [˚] 100
Page 39 and 40: Literature review Fpf/Fq [-] 1.2 1
Page 41 and 42: Literature review β angle [˚] Mal
Page 43 and 44: Literature review Figure 2.35. Mech
Page 45 and 46: Literature review Moment arm 60 [mm
Page 47 and 48: Literature review Let us follow the
Page 49 and 50: Literature review Finally, the pate
Page 51 and 52: Literature review Figure 2.43. Tota
Page 53 and 54: Literature review One great advanta
Page 55 and 56: Literature review Implant wear is t
Page 57 and 58: 2.3.2. General numerical models Lit
Page 59 and 60: a) The tibia plateau is a flat surf
Page 61 and 62: Literature review From their calcul
Page 63 and 64: Literature review Although a simila
Page 65 and 66: Literature review Slide/Roll [-] 1
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Literature review Figure 2.62. Mult
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Materials and Methods 3.1. Methodol
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Materials and Methods For the sake
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Materials and Methods 9 th QUESTION
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Materials and Methods 3.3. New anal
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Materials and Methods 3.3.3. Free-b
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Materials and Methods Figure 3.6. F
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Materials and Methods By the introd
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Materials and Methods 3.4. Experime
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Materials and Methods Figure 3.7. C
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Materials and Methods All of the pa
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Materials and Methods 3.4.5. Measur
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x c Materials and Methods ∑ Fi
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Materials and Methods Probability D
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Materials and Methods Figure 3.18.
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Materials and Methods By doing so,
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3.4.7.2. Steps of the approach Mate
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Materials and Methods All the funct
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Materials and Methods β [º] 40 20
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Materials and Methods If the center
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Materials and Methods By the use of
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Materials and Methods Thus, one pri
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Materials and Methods I. The patter
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3.6.3. Geometrical models Materials
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Materials and Methods − − −
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3.6.4.3. Contact [MSC.ADAMS] Materi
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Materials and Methods Besides the k
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Materials and Methods By multiplyin
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Results 4. RESULTS 4.1. Results reg
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Results This closely equal percenta
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Results Fpf/BW [-] 8 Fekete et al.
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Results In reality, human subjects
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Results 4.2. Results regarding the
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Results 0.8 Χ [-] 1 Sliding-rollin
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Results Χ [-] 1 Sliding-rolling ra
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Results Among the tested prostheses
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Results χ [-] 1 Averaged sliding-r
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Results Χ [-] 1 Sliding-rolling ra
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4.3. New scientific results Results
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Results 3 rd Thesis: Based on the m
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Conclusions and Suggestions 5. CONC
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Conclusions and Suggestions Suggest
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Summary 6. SUMMARY In this doctoral
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Appendix APPENDIX A1. Bibliography
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Appendix [31] Csizmadia B. M., Nán
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Appendix [61] Gill H. S., O’Conno
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Appendix [93] Klebanov B. M., Barla
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Appendix [123] Nägerl H., Frosch K
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Appendix [154] Reuben J. D., McDona
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Appendix [187] Wahrenberg H., Lindb
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Appendix 6. Fekete G., Kátai L.: M
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Appendix Figure 3. Setting Stitchin
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Appendix Fpf/Fq [-] 1.2 h = 6 mm h
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Appendix η1 angle [˚] 6 Hirokawa
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Appendix Figure 13. Mechanical mode
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Appendix Ψ angle [˚] 10 Van Eijde
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Appendix Figure 19. Mechanical mode
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Appendix - 177 -
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PhD Fekete - SZIE version - 2.2 - Szent István Egyetem

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