PhD Fekete - SZIE version - 2.2 - Szent István Egyetem

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Literature review Ftf [N] 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Flexion angle [˚] 0 30 60 90 Figure 2.19. Tibiofemoral compression force [Smidt, 1973] The following remarks have to be mentioned related to Smidt’s study [Smidt, 1973]: - The author supposed that the force in the patellar tendon and in the quadriceps is equal. This assumption is invalid, which was confirmed by Denham and Bishop [Denham and Bishop, 1978]. - The model requires to measure external forces (F re and F rh in Figure 2.15) in order to calculate the above-mentioned forces. With the use of radiographic and other experimental measurements, Denham and Bishop [Denham and Bishop, 1978] composed an analytical-kinetical model to calculate the patellofemoral forces (Figure 2.20). The forces were derived using equilibrium equations (three equations). Figure 2.20. The mechanical model [Denham and Bishop, 1978] Through this study, the authors pointed out several, fundamentally important statements about the kinetics and kinematics of the knee joint: – 28 –
Literature review I. They demonstrated with simultaneous electromyograph tracings that in case of balanced equilibrium the extensor effect upon the knee is minorly affected by the actions of the hamstrings or the gastrocnemius (Figure 2.21). Major activity is seen only in the quadriceps and the soleus. Only the occasional burst of activity (which helps to maintain balance) is seen in these muscle groups, so their effect can be safely disregarded. II. Figure 2.21. Electromyograph recording about the acting muscles [Denham and Bishop, 1978] The patella can be isolated as a system, thus the equilibrium of the acting forces on it, such as the patellofemoral compression force (F pf ), the quadriceps tendon force (F q ) and the patellar tendon force (F pt ) can be examined. III. The authors introduced firstly the concept of force ratios (the patellofemoral forces always compared to the quadriceps force) in quasi-static state (F pf /F q , F pt /F q ). IV. It it shown by this report [Denham and Bishop, 1978] and by an earlier study [Bishop and Denham, 1977] that the tension in the patellar tendon is not equal with the tension in the quadriceps tendon (F pt ≠ F q ) which was widely held earlier due to the low friction between the patella and the femoral condyle. This result does not state that friction should be always neglected. V. The most important finding of the authors was that they revealed the major effect of the position of the centre of gravity on the kinetics of the patellofemoral forces (the centre of gravity in two positions is visible in Figure 2.22). According to them, leaning forward a few centimeters can halve the patellofemoral forces passing through the knee. Figure 2.22. The centre of gravity during movement [Denham and Bishop, 1978] – 29 –
Page 1 and 2: SZENT ISTVÁN UNIVERSITY KINETICS A
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS NOMENCLATURE AND ABBREVIAT
Page 5 and 6: NOMENCLATURE AND ABBREVIATIONS F pf
Page 7 and 8: ψ : Angle between the quadriceps t
Page 9 and 10: v CTt : Tangential velocity compone
Page 11 and 12: Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION AND OB
Page 13 and 14: 1.3. Aims of the PhD thesis Introdu
Page 15 and 16: Literature review 2. LITERATURE REV
Page 17 and 18: Literature review Figure 2.3. The f
Page 19 and 20: Literature review Figure 2.6. Patel
Page 21 and 22: Literature review Figure 2.8. Compo
Page 23 and 24: Literature review The knee carries
Page 25 and 26: Literature review For this reason,
Page 27 and 28: Literature review Figure 2.12. Thre
Page 29 and 30: Literature review As a short overvi
Page 31: Literature review Moment arm 60 [mm
Page 35 and 36: Literature review The presented mod
Page 37 and 38: Literature review ε angle [˚] 100
Page 39 and 40: Literature review Fpf/Fq [-] 1.2 1
Page 41 and 42: Literature review β angle [˚] Mal
Page 43 and 44: Literature review Figure 2.35. Mech
Page 45 and 46: Literature review Moment arm 60 [mm
Page 47 and 48: Literature review Let us follow the
Page 49 and 50: Literature review Finally, the pate
Page 51 and 52: Literature review Figure 2.43. Tota
Page 53 and 54: Literature review One great advanta
Page 55 and 56: Literature review Implant wear is t
Page 57 and 58: 2.3.2. General numerical models Lit
Page 59 and 60: a) The tibia plateau is a flat surf
Page 61 and 62: Literature review From their calcul
Page 63 and 64: Literature review Although a simila
Page 65 and 66: Literature review Slide/Roll [-] 1
Page 67 and 68: Literature review Figure 2.62. Mult
Page 69 and 70: Materials and Methods 3.1. Methodol
Page 71 and 72: Materials and Methods For the sake
Page 73 and 74: Materials and Methods 9 th QUESTION
Page 75 and 76: Materials and Methods 3.3. New anal
Page 77 and 78: Materials and Methods 3.3.3. Free-b
Page 79 and 80: Materials and Methods Figure 3.6. F
Page 81 and 82: Materials and Methods By the introd
Page 83 and 84:
Materials and Methods 3.4. Experime
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Materials and Methods Figure 3.7. C
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Materials and Methods All of the pa
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Materials and Methods 3.4.5. Measur
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x c Materials and Methods ∑ Fi
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Materials and Methods Probability D
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Materials and Methods Figure 3.18.
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Materials and Methods By doing so,
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3.4.7.2. Steps of the approach Mate
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Materials and Methods All the funct
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Materials and Methods β [º] 40 20
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Materials and Methods If the center
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Materials and Methods By the use of
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Materials and Methods Thus, one pri
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Materials and Methods I. The patter
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3.6.3. Geometrical models Materials
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Materials and Methods − − −
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3.6.4.3. Contact [MSC.ADAMS] Materi
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Materials and Methods Besides the k
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Materials and Methods By multiplyin
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Results 4. RESULTS 4.1. Results reg
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Results This closely equal percenta
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Results Fpf/BW [-] 8 Fekete et al.
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Results In reality, human subjects
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Results 4.2. Results regarding the
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Results 0.8 Χ [-] 1 Sliding-rollin
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Results Χ [-] 1 Sliding-rolling ra
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Results Among the tested prostheses
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Results χ [-] 1 Averaged sliding-r
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Results Χ [-] 1 Sliding-rolling ra
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4.3. New scientific results Results
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Results 3 rd Thesis: Based on the m
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Conclusions and Suggestions 5. CONC
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Conclusions and Suggestions Suggest
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Summary 6. SUMMARY In this doctoral
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Appendix APPENDIX A1. Bibliography
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Appendix [31] Csizmadia B. M., Nán
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Appendix [61] Gill H. S., O’Conno
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Appendix [93] Klebanov B. M., Barla
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Appendix [123] Nägerl H., Frosch K
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Appendix [154] Reuben J. D., McDona
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Appendix [187] Wahrenberg H., Lindb
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Appendix 6. Fekete G., Kátai L.: M
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Appendix Figure 3. Setting Stitchin
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Appendix Fpf/Fq [-] 1.2 h = 6 mm h
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Appendix η1 angle [˚] 6 Hirokawa
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Appendix Figure 13. Mechanical mode
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Appendix Ψ angle [˚] 10 Van Eijde
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Appendix Figure 19. Mechanical mode
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Appendix - 177 -
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PhD Fekete - SZIE version - 2.2 - Szent István Egyetem

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