PhD Fekete - SZIE version - 2.2 - Szent István Egyetem

CONTENTS
NOMENCLATURE AND ABBREVIATIONS...........................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES.............................................................................7
1.1. Involved Research Partners....................................................................................7
1.2. Motivation ................................................................................................................7
1.3. Aims of the PhD thesis.............................................................................................9
2. LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................................11
2.1. Anatomical review of the human knee joint........................................................11
2.1.1. Structural build-up of the bone ...........................................................................11
2.1.2. Structural build-up of the knee and the major bones ..........................................12
2.1.3. The cartilage system ...........................................................................................15
2.1.4. Ligaments and tendons .......................................................................................16
2.1.5. Major segments of the flexion angle...................................................................18
2.2. Analytical-mechanical models of squat................................................................20
2.2.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................20
2.2.2. Human locomotion and kinetics .........................................................................21
2.2.3. Mathematical, phenomenological models...........................................................22
2.2.4. Mathematical, anatomical models.......................................................................25
2.3. Numerical-mechanical models of squat ...............................................................49
2.3.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................49
2.3.2. General numerical models ..................................................................................53
2.3.3. Sliding-rolling phenomenon – Numerical models ..............................................53
2.3.4. Sliding-rolling phenomenon – Experimental methods........................................61
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ......................................................................................65
3.1. Methodology...........................................................................................................65
3.2. Conclusions about the early analytical-kinetical models....................................66
3.3. New analytical-kinetical model.............................................................................71
3.3.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................71
3.3.2. Limitations and advancements of the model.......................................................72
3.3.3. Free-body diagram of the analytical-kinetical model .........................................73
3.3.4. Mathematical description of the model...............................................................76
3.3.5. Remarks about the model....................................................................................78
3.4. Experiments on human subjects...........................................................................79
3.4.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................79
3.4.2. Aims of the experiment.......................................................................................80
3.4.3. Description of the experimental model...............................................................80
3.4.4. The measurement setup.......................................................................................81
3.4.5. Measurement of the center of gravity line ..........................................................85
3.4.6. Construction of the dimensionless quantities and angles....................................89
3.4.7. Data processing...................................................................................................94
3.4.8. Experimental results............................................................................................97
3.4.9. Conclusions about the experiment ....................................................................103