Johannes Althusius: Politica - Hubertlerch.com - HubertLerch.com

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Althusius_0002 9/10/05 4:09 PM understanding of the centrality and continuity of the principle of rule in all associations.] [6] “Then Samuel proclaimed the right of the realm ( jus regni) among the people, and wrote it in a certain book.” I Samuel 10:25. [7] [In the equivalent chapter (VI) of the edition of 1603, Althusius limited the right of sovereignty to the power of administration, which he placed under the fundamental right or law of the realm. Here, of course, it is identified with this right or law. Sovereignty henceforth pertains to the people and their constitution, not merely to the chief administrator and his actions.] [8] Fernando Vásquez Illustrium controversiarum, I, 47; Bartolus, Commentarii (Digest I, 1, 9; I, 4, 1; I, 1, 5; XII, 6, 64); Conrad Lancellot, Templum omnium judicum, I, 2; Paul Castro, Commentaria (Digest I, 1, 5). [9] Digest III, 4, 7, 1. [10] See Francis Hotman, De antiquo jure regni Gallici, I, 19 and 23; Fernando Vásquez, Illustrium controversiarum, I, 47. [11] However, Vásquez wrongly rejects this comparison. [12] Roland a Valle, Consiliorum, I, cons. 1, num. 138; Marc Antony Natta, Consilia, cons. 636 and 640; Charles Dumoulin, Consuetudines Parisienses, tit. 1, art 8, glos 4, num. 16 f.; Diego Covarruvias, Practicarum quaestionium, 4. [13] The Commonweale, I, 8. Jacob Bornitius further develops his idea of sovereignty in De majestate politica, I. [14] See also Deuteronomy 17:18–20; Joshua 1:7 f.; Psalm 119. [15] Commentarii (Digest IV, 4, 38). [16] The City of God, IV, 4. [17] [Althusius seems to make no distinction between lex divina et naturalis and jus divinum et naturale. ] [18] Matthew 7:12; Luke 6:31. [19] Jacob Bornitius, however, would indiscriminately subordinate the prince to civil law to the extent that such law can be analogically accommodated to him. De majestate politica, I, 10. [20] The Commonweale, I, 7 and 8. [21] Chapters XVIII and XIX. [22] Illustrium controversiarum, I, 26 and 45. [23] The City of God, XIX, 15. [XIX, 14 in the Modern Library edition.] [24] Timothy 2:2. [25] Titus 2:12. [26] Histories, VI, 47. [27] [ communio: communication; sharing.] [28] The rest of this chapter and the whole of Chapters X-XVII.] [29] Chapter XVIII and following. [30] [The rest of this chapter is devoted to ecclesiastical communion, and Chapter XXVII to secular communion. Ecclesiastical matters will be discussed again in Chapter XXVIII, but therein as an element of administration, not as part of the discussion of communion. Note also that Althusius uses “communication” and “communion” interchangeably] http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/EBook.php?recordID=0002 Page 58 of 132
Althusius_0002 9/10/05 4:09 PM [31] Matthew 6:33. [32] Psalm 111:10. [33] Romans 14:1. [34] Corinthians 8:9 f.; 11:20 ff.; 15:12 ff. [35] Galatians 5:15, [36] See Zachary Ursinus, Dispositiones, II, in fine; Benedict Aretius, Problemata theologica, I, loc. 9 and 58 f. [37] Matthew 13:47. [38] [Matthew 13:29.] [39] II Timothy 2:20. [40] Matthew 3:12. [41] Matthew 22:1 ff.; Luke 14:16 ff. [42] Matthew 25:1 f. [43] Matthew 25:32 f. [44] Problemata theologica, I, loc. 58. [45] Luke 11:23. [46] Chapter XXVIII. X–XVII SECULAR COMMUNICATION X [§ 1] NOW THAT WE HAVE DISCUSSED the ecclesiastical aspect of symbiotic communion in the universal association, we turn to its secular counterpart. Secular and political communion in the universal realm is the process by which the necessary and convenient means for carrying on a common life of justice together are communicated among the members of the realm. This communion is the practice of those things that relate to the use of this life or the public affairs of the realm. Whence arises the secular right of sovereignty ( jus majestatis), and the employment of a king. This secular right of the realm ( jus regni), or right of sovereignty, guides the life of justice organized in universal symbiosis according to the second table of the Decalogue. This right trains us how to live justly in the present world, as the Apostle says, 1 and so involves the practice of the second table of the Decalogue. [§ 2] This secular right of sovereignty is both general and special. 2 The general and secular right prescribes for members of the association the method and form for living and acting justly in each and all affairs of this symbiosis. Therefore, the various affairs of this universal association are to be tested by and accommodated to this right. We must here consider both the promulgation and the execution of the general right ( jus). 3 [§ 3] Promulgation of this right is the process by which it is publicly announced and accepted as the rule and norm of all just actions in universal symbiosis. … [§ 4] This law and right ( lex et jus) is the rule of things to be done and to be omitted by members of the realm individually and collectively, and is prescribed for the conservation of the life of justice and the universal association. It is called by Seneca the bond that holds the commonwealth together, and a vital spirit that the city breathes, which if withdrawn leaves the city as 4 http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/EBook.php?recordID=0002 Page 59 of 132
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