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Modelling Dependence with Copulas - IFOR

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4.2 The Marshall-Olkin Family<br />

Marshall-Olkin<br />

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Figure 4.1: Samples from the Marshall-Olkin copula. λ 1 =1.1,λ 2 =0.2 andλ 12 =<br />

0.6<br />

Using the result in Theorem 3.3 and the theorem above yields:<br />

∫∫<br />

τ α1,α 2<br />

= 4 C α1,α 2<br />

(u, v)dC α1,α 2<br />

(u, v) − 1<br />

I<br />

( 2 ∫∫ 1<br />

= 4<br />

2 − ∂<br />

I ∂u C α 1,α 2<br />

(u, v) ∂<br />

)<br />

∂u C α 1,α 2<br />

(u, v)du dv − 1<br />

= ...<br />

2<br />

α 1 α 2<br />

=<br />

.<br />

α 1 + α 2 − α 1 α 2<br />

Thus all values in the interval [0, 1] can be obtained for ρ α1,α 2<br />

and τ α1,α 2<br />

. The<br />

Marshall-Olkin copulas have upper tail dependence. Without loss of generality<br />

assume that α 1 >α 2 .<br />

C(u, u)<br />

lim<br />

u→1− 1 − u<br />

1 − 2u + u 2 min(u −α1 ,u −α2 )<br />

= lim<br />

u→1−<br />

1 − u<br />

1 − 2u + u 2 u −α2<br />

= lim<br />

u→1− 1 − u<br />

= lim (2 − + α<br />

u→1− 2u1−α2 2 u 1−α2 )=α 2 ,<br />

and hence<br />

λ U =min(α 1 ,α 2 ).<br />

We now present the natural multivariate extension of the bivariate Marshall-<br />

Olkin family.<br />

25

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