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Synthesis Report Ex-post Evaluation of the ERDF 2000-2006 Table 3.3 Expenditure on enterprise support by source of funding, 2000-2006 Objective 1 Objective 2 EUR million ERDF Total public Private ERDF Total public Private BE 279 569 1,085 158 389 337 DK 58 142 35 DE 4,764 8,457 9,112 1,572 3,346 4,710 IE 276 800 323 GR 1,633 2,544 3,152 ES 4,748 7,126 22,301 1,088 2,243 5,237 FR 298 646 715 1,533 4,422 4,113 IT 4,411 8,596 7,864 901 2,435 7,212 LU 4 19 5 NL 18 62 22 189 478 650 AT 97 140 241 440 931 2,026 PT 2,519 5,163 3,653 FI 408 870 989 226 576 826 SE 262 556 379 193 465 291 UK 1,543 2,879 1,445 2,651 6,601 1,612 EU15 21,255 38,408 51,283 9,012 22,049 27,053 CZ 193 258 156 9 18 32 EE 49 69 22 CY 10 21 36 LV 138 206 18 LT 97 181 21 HU 319 449 573 MT 1 2 1 PL 759 1,051 766 SI 46 68 78 SK 15 27 20 5 11 34 EU10 1,616 2,312 1,654 23 49 103 EU25 22,870 40,720 52,937 9,036 22,098 27,156 Note: ERDF and total public expenditure up to end-2008. Figures for private expenditure involve a good deal of estimation Source; Estimates based on DG Regio data. See WP1, Task 2, Financial Implementation of the Structural Funds, May 2009 3.1.3 What was ERDF support spent on? In Objective 1 regions in the EU15, well over half of the finance from the ERDF for business support went on assisting SMEs either directly through investment grants or indirectly through the provision of various services. Most of the rest went on support for RTDI (28% of the total) while a relatively small amount (16% - though still totalling some EUR 3.4 billion) went to support of large enterprises (see Table 3.1 above). The broad division in Objective 2 regions was more concentrated on SMEs, support to these amounting to almost 72% of the total, with RTDI amounting to 23%. Only around 5-6% of total Objective 2 funding for business support, therefore, went on assisting large enterprises. In the EU10 countries, the division was similar, though a slightly larger proportion went to SMEs (60%) than in the EU15 and a smaller proportion to large enterprises (14%). 70
Ex-post Evaluation of the ERDF 2000-2006 Synthesis Report Again this division of support varies across countries. In Objective 1 regions in the EU15, a relatively large share of funding went directly to large enterprises in Portugal (30%), Spain (21%) and Austria (22%), while share of support for RTDI was particularly large in Ireland (69%). In Objective 2 regions, support to large enterprises accounted for over 20% of overall business support only in Austria (32%). The share going to RTDI was particularly large in Spain, Denmark, Finland and Luxembourg and small in Italy, the UK and the Netherlands. In the first two countries, in particular, however, support to SMEs was directed to a significant extent at encouraging innovation. Although direct support for RTDI was limited in scale, it was significantly larger than in the previous programming period. In a number of Objective 1 regions in the EU15, it went mainly to establishing the preconditions for developing a regional innovation strategy through investing in infrastructure and research centres and encouraging cooperation between these and businesses. In some regions, significant funding also went on supporting industrial applied research in individual firms (in Italy and Germany, in particular). In addition, in absolute terms, the ERDF made a perceptible contribution to R&D expenditure in Objective 1 regions, adding some 12% to national spending in Portugal, 7% in Greece and 6% in Spain and even more in some of the EU10 countries, especially Estonia (where total R&D was twice as large in relation to GDP in 2006 as in 2000). 3.1.4 What was the mix of direct and indirect support? ERDF support to enterprises was divided between direct assistance primarily to SMEs, in the form of investment grants, loans and equity capital, and indirect assistance, in the form of support services of various kinds, the provision of businesses premises and support for networking, the formation of clusters, closer links with research centres and so on. The 30 largest enterprise support programmes examined as part of the evaluation give a good indication of the mix of these measures across the EU. In Objective 1 regions in Spain and Germany, support took the form mainly of direct grants or loans. In the UK regions, both Objective 1 and Objective 2, more weight was given to indirect assistance than to direct aid. In other regions, there was a more even division of the two. The varying combinations of measures used within the broad categories of direct and indirect support in the 30 programmes are indicated in Table 3.4. Table 3.4 Number of business support packages by type of measure included in the 30 largest enterprise support programmes, 2000-2006 a) b) c) d) e) f) Single measure % single a) Non-repayable grants 122 25 15 46 33 13 46 38% b) Repayable loans 25 44 20 14 9 5 9 21% c) Equity-based finance 15 20 26 8 3 2 4 14% d) Support services 46 14 8 105 45 20 30 29% e) Intangible mechanisms 33 9 3 45 72 22 9 13% f) Business infrastructure 13 5 2 20 22 77 42 55% Source: Ex post evaluation, WP6b – Enterprise support, Interim report, Ramboll Management 71
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