Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories • Guidance and/or reconciliation AQ needs/ fuel sold requirements. In particular, national experts are some times confused by large deviations when calculating emissions in the framework of UNFCCC and other studies in which air quality is important. • Guidance on new technologies (hybrids, plug-in hybrids, electric + range extender, …). The distinction between technologies may be necessary. In particular, hybrids are solely based on one fuel (mainly gasoline) while electric vehicles with range extender and plug-in hybrids use two sources (liquid fuel and grid power). • Impact of model / methodology updates on recalculations (how to predict, account for?) Some guidance may be required to assess the direction that one expects recalculations to take place. I.e. whether more detailed emission factors are expected to increase/decrease emissions. • PM black carbon effects? This is a more general issue (not specific for road transport). However road transport is a significant source of black carbon from both exhaust and non-exhaust (brake, tires) emissions. More info and references COPERT Web-site: http://lat.eng.auth.gr. User’s manual, software and methodology are available on the web-site. EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2009. Technical Report no 9. European Environment Agency. Available online at http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-emission-inventory-guidebook-2009. Kouridis, Ch., Gkatzoflias, D., Kioutsioukis, I., Ntziachristos, L., Pastorello, C., Dilara, P. 2010. Uncertainty Estimates and Guidance for Road Transport Emission Calculations. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Italy. Available online at http://transportpanel.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pdf/projects/TA_uncertainty.pdf. Ntziachristos, L., Gkatzoflias, D., Kouridis, Ch., Samaras, Z. 2009. COPERT: A European Road Transport Emission Inventory Model. 4th International ICSC Symposium on Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering. May, 28-29, Thessaloniki, Greece. IPCC Expert Meeting Report 124 TFI
Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories Annex 3. Co-Chairs Summary Expert Meeting on Use of Models and Measurements in GHG Inventories 9-11 August 2010, Sydney Co-Chairs Summary 1. The expert meeting considered the use of models and measurements for all sectors in greenhouse gas emission inventories. In the light of experience to date, the meeting compiled a report on experience and the lessons learnt, particularly related to transparency so that inventory compilers addressing these issues can benefit from this experience. 2. Measured data underlie both models and facility level data. Measurements may be made at individual plant covering all of part of specific sub-sectors, and the meeting noted that there are an increasing number of reporting systems that combine such measured data with other facility level information. In general, models, use measured data for calibration, evaluation and validation to estimate those emissions or removals that cannot be easily otherwise obtained, and so extend limited information to cover national emissions and removals. 3. The use of both models and facility level data in inventories provides significant opportunities to improve the overall quality and, usually, accuracy of the inventory, through, amongst other things, (i) reducing uncertainty and improving uncertainty estimates in the national inventory; (ii) improving spatial and temporal resolution of data and further disaggregating data categories; or (iii) improving potential to correctly estimate impacts of mitigation on national inventories by, for example, reflecting any mitigation effects from measurements or by improving inventory stratification. Therefore their use in the national inventory should be encouraged. 4. The key issue identified in the use of both models and facility level data, is transparency. While approaches to ensuring transparency, documenting and reporting lower Tier approaches are clearly given in the IPCC Guidelines, the use of models and facility level data is only discussed more generally as the specifics depend on national circumstances. The 2006 IPCC Guidelines do provide the overall approach to transparently documenting and reporting these types of data. The meeting noted that clearer descriptions of the approaches used to derive national emissions would help ensure the results understandable and credible and that recent experience provides useful guidance to inventory compilers on how to do this. 5. The meeting compiled lists of typical items that, when reported, may lead to improved transparency. These include: Models • Basis and type of model • Application and adaptation of the model • Main equations/processes • Key assumptions • Domain of application • How the model parameters were estimated • Description of key inputs and outputs • Details of calibration & model evaluation • Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis • QA/QC procedures adopted • References to peer-reviewed literature Facility Level Data Institutional arrangements • Legal basis • Elements covered • Criteria for data selection • QA/QC • Confidentiality Category-specific • Category emissions • Implied emission factor • Uncertainty • How completeness and time series consistency are ensured 6. The meeting also considered some of the factors inventory compilers need to consider in the use of models and facility level data. 7. For models considerations include: reasons for model selection; interpretation of model results; calibration and parameterisation; evaluation of model methods, processes and results; comparisons with lower tiers and measurements; uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. IPCC Expert Meeting Report 125 TFI
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Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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