Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories
During the Phase 1 EU ETS, from 2005 to 2007, several economic sectors had many sites that were opted-out of EU
ETS due to pre-existing emissions trading arrangements within sector-wide Climate Change Agreements (CCAs).
However, from 2008 onwards the CCA opt-outs have ceased and hence the number of UK installations operating within
the EUETS has increased. This has allowed a more detailed analysis to be carried out for 2008.
A specific example of where the ETS data has helped improved the accuracy of the GHG inventory is the reporting of
petroleum coke use.
In DUKES, some petroleum coke is allocated to refineries, and the remainder to non energy use. It is, however, known
that petroleum coke is also used as a fuel in the domestic sector, power stations and the cement industry. Analysis of
the EU ETS data also indicates an under allocation of petroleum coke to refineries. The UK GHG inventory therefore
deviates from both the total petroleum coke use, and the sectoral allocation presented in DUKES.
5 Use of EUETS data in EU greenhouse inventories
The text in the sections below has been summarised from the 2010 National Inventory Report of the EU. It provides an
overview of the way that ETS data can be used in the GHG inventories of the EU MSs, a summary of the way that ETS
data is currently being used by MSs, and provides detailed examples of how the data have been used in three Member
States.
5.1.1 Overview
The ETS generates an EU-27 data set on verified installation-specific CO 2 emissions for the sectors covered by the
scheme. The ETS includes CO 2 emissions from energy industries and manufacturing industries, in particular
combustion installations, mineral oil refineries, coke ovens, production and processing of ferrous metals, and mineral
industries (cement, glass, lime, bricks and tiles, other ceramic materials) if the installations exceed certain capacity
thresholds. In 2008 the scope of the EU ETS has been expanded to include petrochemical cracking installations,
mineral wool production and carbon black production. At the moment, the greenhouse gases covered under the EU ETS
are CO 2 (since 2005) and N 2O (since 2010). However, other greenhouse gases and activities will be included in the
scope of the EU ETS from 2013 onwards. In July 2006 the Climate Change Committee adopted unanimously the
revised Monitoring and Reporting Guidelines for the ETS. The new Guidelines entered into force on 1st January 2008.
5.1.2 How might EUETS data be able to improve the EU GHG inventory?
The EU inventory is composed of the sum of the GHG inventories of the Member States of the EU. The plant-specific
emissions data reported by operators under the EUETS can be used in different ways for the purposes of the E GHG
inventories:
1) Reported verified emissions can be directly used in the GHG inventory to report CO 2 emissions for a specific
source category. This requires that the coverage of the respective ETS emissions is complete for the
respective source category and that ETS activities and CRF source categories follow the same definitions. If
ETS emissions are not complete, the emissions for the remaining part of the source category not covered by
the EU ETS have to be calculated separately and added to the ETS emissions.
2) Emission factors (or other parameters such as oxidation factors) reported under the EUETS can be compared
with emission factors used in the inventory and they can be harmonised if the EUETS provides improved
information.
3) Activity data reported under the EUETS can be used directly for the GHG inventory, in particular for source
categories where energy statistics face difficulties in disaggregating fuel consumption to specific subcategories,
e.g. to specific industrial sectors.
4) Data from EUETS can be used for more general verification activities as part of national quality assurance (QA)
activities without the direct use of emissions, activity data or emission factors.
5) Data from EUETS can improve completeness of the estimation of IPCC source categories when additional data
for source categories become available from EUETS.
6) ETS data can improve the allocation of industrial combustion emissions to sub-categories under 1A2
Manufacturing Industries and Construction;
7) The comparison of the data sets can be used to improve the uncertainty estimation for the GHG
inventories based on the ranges of data reported by installations.
IPCC Expert Meeting Report 89 TFI