Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories but not all sites. This leads to complexities when it comes to analysis of “traded” and “non-traded” emissions within GHG inventories, which is an increasing requirement across the EU, as all Member States are signing up to fixed contributions to emission reductions in the “non-traded” source sectors (under the EU Effort Sharing Decision). • Coverage of sources. The scope of EUETS does not cover all sites within a given industrial sector e.g. in the UK the EUETS covers 100% of power stations and refineries, but does not cover all lime kilns, all chemical sites etc. • UK implementation of the ETS. In Phase I EUETS (2005-2007) the UK took a narrower definition of “combustion” than other Member States. It excluded furnaces and driers (e.g. metals industry, food & drink, chemical. It included boiler plant on industrial sites, raising steam for a reactor vessel. This definition does hinder incorporating ETS data in the GHG inventory, and makes comparison with ETS data from other countries more problematic. In Phase II (2008-2012) the scope of EUETS has expanded, and now includes sources such as flaring at oil and gas sites. • Nomenclature. Fuel naming nomenclature in the EUETS is not rigidly defined, and there is no mandatory requirement for agreement with the IPCC nomenclature. Operators may use fuel names that are useful to them, but which may be unclear or unrecognisable to GHG inventory compilers. • Commercial confidentiality. A problem in several Member States and also where local / regional emissions data are to be derived. Where one or two plant in a given economic sector are reported in isolation, this is problematic. In the UK, the Inventory Agency can get full access to the fuel-specific data, but the data cannot be released to a wider audience. Some data will commercially confidential; formal data supply agreements specifying the protocols for dealing with commercially confidential data may help secure access to data for the inventory compliers. • Variable data quality. EUETS data (fuel use, emission factors and calorific values, and methodological approach) are estimated using a Tiered approach, in an analogous way to the IPCC approach. Data are subject to verification and possible external audit. GHG inventory compliers should not assume that EUETS data are necessarily more accurate that the data used in GHG inventories; attention should be paid to the Tier used to generate the data. There are some example of variable application of EUETS data verification by accredited organisations – for example, unlikely outliers in natural gas carbon content in UK. • Coverage of GHGs. Only CO 2 is reported in the UK, although there is the provision for other GHGs to be included currently in the regulations. • Extent of time series. Good quality data is available from 2005 onwards only and this creates time-series consistency concerns. How best to back-calculate data for earlier years in the time-series? 2.1.9 Specific examples of good practice It is good practice to carefully review the ETS data and to understand its limitations and then consider what ETS data could be used in the inventory. It is not good practice to just replace GHG inventory data with ETS data without any review of the ETS data. The UK GHG inventory does now use some ETS data (for example, carbon emission factors for coal use in the energy sector and for some fuels in the refinery sector). The inventory compilers are considering using more ETS data but only after completing a thorough analysis and interpretation of recent ETS data against the GHG inventory. This analysis involves comparing data from the detailed ETS returns against the 2007 GHG inventory itself, and data reported by other environmental regulators. Only the highest Tier ETS data are being considered for inclusion in the GHG inventory. The UK has a fully functional national inventory steering committee (NISC). This helps facilitate close cooperation and a good working relationship between the regulators of the ETS in the UK (the Environment Agency), the GHG inventory compilers and other environmental regulators. The NISC allows a formal review of the inventory before it is submitted to the UNFCCC. 2.1.10 Benefits of EUETS to GHG inventories There are some clear benefits to using ETS data in GHG inventories. The list below provides some specific UK examples: • Use as an energy statistics quality-check against the national energy data allocations of fuels to sectors. ETS data may reveal new sources / new fuels. Examples: IPCC Expert Meeting Report 84 TFI
Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories • refinery RFG, OPG, flaring; • flaring data from several sectors (chemicals, oil and gas); • use of clays and coke in brick-making and other mineral processes; • solvents used as fuels. • The ETS may provide new activity data and new fuel quality data (from higher Tier reporting). Examples: • UK refinery coke use (the UK GHG inventory now deviates from UK energy statistics, as we have identified that the UK energy balance is wrong for the refinery sector for 2006 and 2007. The UK inventory agency has worked with the UK energy statistics team and the UK refinery trade association, to research and resolve the data reporting inconsistencies that were evident.); • Use of Tier 3 CO 2 emission factors, GCV data etc for all power station fuels, refinery fuels; • New data on fossil fuels and bio-derived fuels, to enable more detailed analysis and clarify emission sources (e.g. to compare against IPPC-reported emissions data); • Fuel quality data for Coke Oven Gas and Blast Furnace Gas. • The EUETS can be used to inform region-specific emission factors and fuel quality data, to inform more local and regional emission inventories, providing more opportunities and data to inform local and regional GHG mitigation opportunities. For example, within the UK, the EUETS data are used to inform the development of emission inventories for each local authority (CO 2 inventories only) and for the devolved Governments of Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (full GHG inventories, to meet reporting requirements and policy tracking needs for regional climate change action plans / strategies); see Chapter 3. 3 Use of EUETS data in sub national inventories 3.1 Creating UK sub national inventories In the UK, GHG inventories for the constituent countries, or Devolved Administrations (DAs) - England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales - are created annually, and rely on data from the UK GHG inventory. It would be possible to use ETS data to help improve the accuracy of these inventories. Figure 3-1 outlines the approach used to estimate emissions for the GHG inventories of the constituent countries of the UK, and shows the specific areas in which ETS data could be used to help improve these inventories. IPCC Expert Meeting Report 85 TFI
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Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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