Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories the origin the slope was used to develop a per kg emission factor. As this best fit trend was determined using various production levels, it will not need to change as productivity levels change. Because it is difficult to determine the age of a breeding animal at slaughter, their annual emissions of maintenance, gestation and lactation for each breeding year were allocated to the offspring as a per head emission factor. This is simply the annual emissions from a breeding cow, ewe or hind. Because it is difficult to relate this emission factor to the offspring itself, it is a weighted average of various “mother” weights for each species. This emission factor may therefore change if the “mother” average weight change. Each animal will therefore have a per kg and a per head emission factor associated with it at slaughter. The extra energy required each year by a milking cow is not incorporated into the per head emissions factor; rather it is allocated to the milk solid production of that year instead. Comparing the Inventory with the ETS Comparison of the emissions calculated using just the inventory model and the emissions calculated using the ETS emissions factors will not be identical. This is due to the differences in what each is measuring. The inventory calculates the emissions for a single year from all livestock alive during that year, while the ETS will measure the lifetime emissions of animals which are slaughtered in that year, and the annual emissions for milk production. Therefore in years were there may be above average slaughter of animals due to circumstances such as drought, the emissions estimated by the ETS will be higher than those estimated by the inventory. Only national average emission factors for the ETS have currently been developed. However, because of the methodology already used in the inventory model and with the planned improvements, it may be possible to develop regional emission factors which take into account factors such as birth date, feed quality etc. Also, unique emission factors for circumstances different to the national average can be determined. This is achievable only because the inventory emissions are modelled. Various scenarios can be used as inputs into the inventory and population models and emission factors for the ETS can be determined for each scenario. Verification The ETS point of obligation for the agricultural sector is generally with the processor, with the exception of live animal exporters and egg producers who are also captured. This is mainly due to the requirement of verification of data. As already mentioned, processors in the agricultural industry already report slaughter weights and numbers of animals slaughtered. The dairy industry already reports milk solids processed. Therefore, verification of this data is simplified compared to individual farmers reporting their emissions. If the point of obligation was to move to the farmer level, systems would need to be developed so that verification of activity data could be achieved. Over time, the ETS should create incentives for low emission research and technology. This could enable the ETS to be used as a source of verification and improvement of some activity data for the Inventory model inputs. For example, slaughter weights of various breeds and various animal categories. It can not used to validate the science behind the inventory model since the ETS uses the same science, but an increase in the collection of data motivated by the ETS may aid in other areas. IPCC Expert Meeting Report 52 TFI
Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories Estimation of national GHG emission from solid waste disposal sites by using field investigation results Komsilp Wangyao 1 , *, Sirintornthep Towprayoon 1 , Chart Chiemchaisri 2 , Shabbir H. Gheewala 1 , Annop Nopharatana 3 Invited Background Paper to the IPCC Experts Meeting, Sydney, Australia, 9 – 11 August 2010 1 The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand 10140 E-mail: komsilp@jgsee.kmutt.ac.th, sirin@jgsee.kmutt.ac.th and Shabbir_g@jgsee.kmutt.ac.th 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand 10900 E-mail: fengccc@ku.ac.th 3 Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand 10150 E-mail: annop@pdti.kmutt.ac.th * Corresponding author: komsilp@jgsee.kmutt.ac.th IPCC Expert Meeting Report 53 TFI
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Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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