Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories Start All data meet quality checks It is assumed that for each facility emissions and activity data are reported together with information on how these numbers were derived so that QA/QC checks can be applied In addition, the total of the activity data (e.g. total category fuel consumption) is known from other sources. Do data cover all sources in the category? YES Does total activity data compare with known AD for the category? YES Representative implies that the data are an unbiased sample and that their emissions can be regarded as a good representative of the entire category. Note this does not mean that the measured data are normally distributed and this needs to be taken into account when data are used to provide a countryspecific EF for unmeasured plant. NO Are facility with data representative of the category as a whole? NO NO Can difference be understood And justified? NO YES Use emissions data as emissions from sector YES Derive country-specific EF(s) for sub-strata YES Are the data representative of some sub-categories? YES Can data for subcategories be used for all unmeasured plant? NO While data may not be representative of the whole category they may be a good sample of a subcategory. Stratifying the category in this way may enable the data to be used for part of the category. For example: The measured data may be representative of large plant or plant with specific abatement or other technologies. NO Use facility-level data and derived countryspecific EF(s) for remainder Can the CEF be used for the remainder? NO Data cannot be used. Continue to use CEF and AD YES Use facility-level data and CEF for remainder Note: Prior to using the facility-level data emissions from this category were estimated using a country-Specific emission factor (CEF) and activity data for the whole category (AD) known from other sources. Figure 1 - Example of Decision Tree for Selecting Facility-Level Data IPCC Expert Meeting Report 20 TFI
Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories The key considerations to apply where selecting facility-level data are: • Completeness of category coverage; • Whether or not the use of facility-level data improves the inventory quality; • Whether the reported emission factors and activity data are based on defaults or measured; • Quality of measured data, sample size, representativeness; • Ability to estimate emissions from facilities not reporting their facility-level data in order to quantify national emissions; • The aggregation of the data (e.g. are combustion and process emission combined). When a category is not completely covered by facility-level data an important decision is how to completely estimate the emissions from the category. Either the data cannot be used as the total category emissions cannot be estimated accurately or one of the options in Section 4.3.4 below is used. 4.3.2 Reviewing the data Once the broad selection criteria have been applied to the facility-level data, the next step is a more detailed review of the facility-level data to enable a judgement to be made about whether they can be included in a greenhouse gas inventory. This review usually includes: • Matching the definitions of facility categories to the IPCC source categories; • Matching the fuels reported to the standard set of IPCC fuels; • Where facility-level data incompletely cover a category, ensuring the ability to extrapolate to national emissions; • Ensuring the ability to deal with incomplete time series; • Examining the time series consistency of the data; • Ensuring that biogenic carbon can be separated from the totals; • Checking consistency with other sources of data (including national energy statistics). After the review, the inventory agency can then make a judgement about whether and how the facility data can be used in the inventory. 4.3.3 Matching the definitions of source categories to the IPCC source categories It might be possible to directly map the facility-level emissions data to a specific IPCC source category. However, in some cases the facility-level data could be a combination of several source categories in one or more sectors, for example combustion and process emissions. If these facility emissions data represent a combination of source sector emissions, this raises the question of how to make best use of these data. The inventory compliers could: • Reject the entire facility-level data set since it does not cover a whole category. • Use a proxy measure (e.g. facility-level energy consumption) to split the total emissions into combustion and processes emissions. If this approach is taken, clear documentation is required. 4.3.4 Treating categories with incomplete coverage by facility-level data If the facility emissions data represent some but not all of the source category emissions, the inventory compilers need to choose how to use the data. It is important to apply a consistent decision framework across sectors. The inventory compliers could: • Not use the facility-level data set in the estimation of emissions but the data could still be used for QA/QC. • Devise a method to combine facility-level data with other data, where the overall accuracy of the sectoral emissions would be increased by integrating the facility-level data into the inventory (see also Section 2.2.1, Volume 1, 2006 IPCC Guidelines). There are four general possibilities when the sectoral coverage is incomplete: • Assume the facility-level data are representative of the whole population so the average emission rate of the facility-level data applies to any missing data; IPCC Expert Meeting Report 21 TFI
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Use of Models and Facility-Level Data in Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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