paraffin wax deposition and fouling

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— A19 — APPENDIX 4 THE PRDGR’M TTJBEX AND THE EXPEPIMENTAL RESULTS Oi’ Ifl iOULANG STUDIES A program called TUBEX was developed to process the data obtained in the fouling studies, Section 4. The cooling water and solution flowrates were calculated using the calioration constants given in Tables A3.3.1 and A3.3.2 in equation A3 .3 The physical properties of the paraffin wax in kerosene solution were calculated using the relations given in Appendix I, at the average bulk temperature. The appropriate Waither equation constants were obtained from figure A1.3. The overall heat transfer resistance was calculated from: R = T (4.i) 2o ana was given in icW/m C. The heat flux was ana . he logan hniic mean :epera;ure ci fference .across tne exchanger. Prandtl and Reynolds numbers were calculated in the usual way. Although the progra was made to calculate friction factors, the low zcnzitivity of the pressure transducer used (see Appendix 3), did not allow this.
C C PROGRtt’ NAMF TUEEX J.S.GUOMUNflSSCN 11.11.74 C C DI’ENSICN CO(2,10) ,CNC2, 10) REAL I REAL*8 R N R P t GE = 30 C READS ORIFICE CALIPTIO CONSTANTS C DO 9 1=1,2 DO S K=1,10 READ(5,10) COCI ,V),Cr(I,K) 10 FOR’AT (2FIC.6) 9 CONTINUE C C COOLED TEST SECTION DIMENSIONS C C L=3. 0 D=C.516 C 999 CA=3.12*D*Df576.0 AHT=3.11i2*D*L/i2. 0 C RE.ES DETAILS OF RUN C 1 READ(5.20) NT,JR,, 1P 20 FQR’AT(2(I2,8X),2F10.6,?6) IFU’T.LT.1) GOTO O NK=NR 21 WRIiE(6,23) R 23 F!iP’T (lH1////12X,4HUN ,‘6/) 55 RITE(6,3) 3 FOR 2, 5X ,3HDP1,’X,3HflPT, X ,1FIV,3Y ,4HCF/ ?,‘.X, ?HP.Ff 13, ‘H( HR ) l,4( IX, H( 80 1/H)2 C)!) IF(M’.LC.NRPAGr) Gq]C 77 RLA\O. 0 P R A V 0
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1 ci 0 Ilc (i) s_ri P4 4) •,-1 0
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ACKC’bJLED3E.:ENTS should like to
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46 iixperimental Results 461 IntroJ
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APPNNDICES 1. PHYSICal PRSPHTIES Oi
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the major unresolved problem in hea
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and time, fouling factors are usual
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o F-I 0 U J ,ij cn J ‘I—I F3 Fl
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—5— vary from less than 1 per c
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2.2.3 Solubility refined paraffin w
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-.9— whica is well novc condition
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— -ii — deposit. Tronov statej
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— 13 remain in solution and the p
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- iuctoov and dorov concluded hat t
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— 17 — a deporsiion ce:Ll in a
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— 19 - toat sur:ace. hjsima.a ot
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— 2 - S * .. -, ‘.: ,- - .-,-
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and surface proueriez reapectlvely_
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- 25 - loading to a random process
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y - F’J CD:’ C) x— Dcpoit thi
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0 C 15O— 200 From ref 2 of wax eo
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0 o3 Tb 3D 0•0 L D 2 •O— Fg.2
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2 I In 0 Tot -D -D U 16H 16 20, In
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C CE) CL) CE) () .: rJ\: - . c: CD
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400 function of roughness factor. m
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— 2o — 3. i3:\CGRDU ND TO TI PR
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3.5 Conclusions decreases At the in
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L - A sz: CF Fo:;:NG BY SOLUTIONS O
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was designed to cut off the steam s
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• saLLy measures were tacen. oa:D
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— 34 .4 ‘mrii:ntal Solution The
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sections were ke-:t the same. fosi:
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sectaon 4- at eajt tests sections h
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These fluctuations were not reduced
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ii ID XXX 9 C-) 0 (N x S x xx< 7r-
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12— -; 11L. s 10E - 9: ‘3) 0 Ru
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(1) U) C’) C) Cl) It) 0 0 0 0 ox
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f-iq. 1.0-3.5.— Hecit trcinsfcr r
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I--i Fig. f.6.3.7. I ;ut transfer r
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0 C’) R — [feat transfer resist
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characteristc does exist and is tyt
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The ziuewor in the circulation syst
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The calibrations o the tesperature
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the solution and water o::a;es thro
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‘-- 5,5 wocrinentsl Resuts with f
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two hours, the deposits were observ
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wcr: on ara:zic: c.eposc.tion consi
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-- II 1 L1 SOLUIIOIJ C;IFCU1_/:[ION
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SCAR FE 1 DEPOSITION PLATE - - 0 C)
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M—AMOUNI DEPOSITED (mg) T1 0_i c)
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C) 0 0 0 Li.] CD - 3 0 3 0 h Iii (E
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- II -fl M—AMOUNT DEPOSITED (rng)
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91 9) :< C) --z 9] mc-) .;J -i ru
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.1 1• ci E 0 Ci) c) — nj
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- . O, O, I— —,-, fouling studi
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profiles at different Reynolds numb
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L Run . (°c) used to calculate tem
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Due to a concentration gradient the
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1 I C. (1.2.2.2 \1L. I .OC[FY V [A[
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V 40 - 0 C—, lt! -— o. ---—-
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Li FIG. G.2.3./. TEMPERAI URE v RAD
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— 1 7.0 0 --Tc.=10.0°C 50 140
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— -- — -——— — -—Tb =
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Z_o_—o-- 50 l0 - yX—--X— —-
Page 127 and 128: I:302 00 50 Ito -0——— ---—-
Page 129 and 130: I 50 ;) 30c’/ / C —------------
Page 131 and 132: FIG. 6. 4.1. AN IDEEAL TEMPERATURE
Page 133 and 134: — 63 — 7. DISCUSSIOI 7.1 Introd
Page 135 and 136: — 65 — through it decreases gra
Page 137 and 138: For breakdown and removal to occur
Page 139 and 140: — 69 — the large fouling studie
Page 141 and 142: Increased flowrate and temperature
Page 143: — 72 — 8. ICOi’NDATTCNS It is
Page 146 and 147: EEfiDN2WON
Page 148 and 149: T TemDerature T = Average temperatu
Page 150 and 151: = :ieat eddy dfusivity = Xoent eddy
Page 152 and 153: in Exchar.ge: Tubes”, Chem. Engr.
Page 154 and 155: Oil Gas J., 58 (38), 87—91 (Sept.
Page 156 and 157: U U F--I C) (f
Page 158 and 159: The o1ubi1ity of 5i/54°Cparafin wa
Page 160 and 161: — — .‘.ti+ c:Lic gravity The
Page 162 and 163: In section Al .4 the auount of pcra
Page 164 and 165: 0 •) X S (N U ‘0 -° CD c-) ( -
Page 166 and 167: I-] H — C C) p 0’ H 0’ H CD C
Page 168 and 169: fully refined paraffin wax in keros
Page 170 and 171: — A12 — The cloud point decrens
Page 172 and 173: — A3 — Tnble A2.1 Ca1culccd c i
Page 174 and 175: calibration constants are given in
Page 176 and 177: — Al? — Table A3.3.1 Calibratio
Page 180 and 181: C NC = C C REiCS EACH SET OF RE[iJC
Page 182 and 183: 13.42 7.40 7.SC 33.90 33.10 13.8 0.
Page 184 and 185: TIME TI TO TKI TKC DPK EPW DPT V CF
Page 186 and 187: 81.15 7.45 7.7C 33.40 32.70 30.0 0.
Page 188 and 189: RUN A1C—4 TIME 1WI TWO TKI TKC DP
Page 190 and 191: RUN 82—6 TIME TiI TC TKI TKC OPK
Page 192 and 193: TIME TWI TWO TKI TKC OPK CPW OPT V
Page 194 and 195: RUN B7—1C TIME TWI TWC TKI TKO DP
Page 196 and 197: RUN B9—12 T V’E ThI TWC TKI TKC
Page 198 and 199: RUN C1—1t T1’E IWI TWO TKI TKC
Page 200 and 201: PUN C2—15 TIME T’iI T0 TK1 TKC
Page 202 and 203: }U•” C-16 TIME TWI TWO TKI TKC
Page 204 and 205: TIME flit TC TKI TKO DPK DPW OPT V
Page 206 and 207: UN C5-18 TIME TWI TfD TKI TKO DPK C
Page 208 and 209: 14.25 7.IC 10.2C 39.10 38.00 8.8 0.
Page 210 and 211: RUNJ C8-2C T[’E TWE T0 TKI (Hg) (
Page 212 and 213: TIVE M)*2 C) TWI TWO TKI TKC DPK op
Page 214 and 215: Tt’iE TWI TC TKI TKO OPK CPW DPT
Page 216 and 217: — A23 — APPENDIX 5 OALT2RATTUNS
Page 218 and 219: T—- TEI\iFERATUFE (°C) —I’ U
Page 220 and 221: d Average C Table A5.2 0.0452 0.025
Page 222 and 223: 11.1 6.517 10.5 6.418 10.1 6.346 9.
Page 224 and 225: — A27 — Tib1e A6.2 Pun Dl .irn
Page 226 and 227: -A29- Table A6.4 Pun 1)3 ‘ Time (
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Time — A51 — Table A6.5 Run D5
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— A33 — APPENDIX 7 EOUNDARY LAY
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— ;55 — 1.7.3 Dimensionless Exp
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— = u — u = in — + ± + + or
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I A8.21 Data 2 Subroutines usng ite
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— ALf1 — Equations L.7.4.3 and
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— A1i•3 — Lt Prorran Use The
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DIM /\3.2./>. THE iJNI/E?j\I. \ELC)
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C DF1ENSIOH VIS(2.) REAL NUWSI INTE
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C C SUt3ROUTINE DATA INTEGER SR C C
Page 248 and 249:
LI) I Li . 0 0 X .. (1•) U.. UI
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C C WRt 1E(6,’O) 60 FQR’AT(1HLf
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te 4Z’Xt’9’911’XZ’ 3DNVIS
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C C C C C )fl:O .0 DO ‘O 1=3,9,2
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C, .4:’. 0 0 —; —s iZ fl r;
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KINEMATIC VISCOSITY AT WALL 0.07407
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YP UP TP Y U T VIS TC CR PR 39.00 1
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