paraffin wax deposition and fouling

More documents

Recommendations

Info

LI) I Li . 0 0 X .. (1•) U.. UI ‘—4 U.. > 0 - 0 1—4 _ U 00 0 0 0 U “(I) .- - a’ — 0 -4 • C> 0 0’ • In .. . rn M C) — 45 — a. ‘5— •‘ 7 WOLf) 7 41oft. L)L) L9WJUJ _i>> 7 3: < +‘)C.. -..DL) Z00 0J ‘C— ‘0 4- CXC.C) C4’.} 7 4- >- — - 4/’ V 7 B 1 -..ç >< D < c frj . .. 7 C U7 •U C) •InI—4) .JCOL)I!(/) !j C) % Z ‘ “ “CD 3: .— LI) rJ F H * ‘ —4 0 CD 4— 3: 7 — - — H >( H H I’Jt’J*L H C...f’) 00’- D J) . C- D 0 4 C 0 C’ * IL C’ ‘.1) -.. > U 0 4— Q)< C) C’ CD U —i0 .1— 1”OllIn o. . °IC>-4 —---.‘-—C) ‘ J 0 0 .:- — 4 LU ‘: ci ci 3: 4-4 LO ‘J ‘*W ***L’U!U 71’>I •--Z.- c -s ‘CD 00 •r— C’ *4.9 -s4— -44) 44 4* .4 N Q.-”C) .— %.LLI..’< OL))< L4> ‘0 s 0 —. N C r..l — 4’) 7 I’ ‘57 * — C’ •a-4’a + ‘.tO U)7L.C’ j’ Cfl0 N N “ — 1-41 4--4-3::..:tj a’ U — Li) C) 1— r— 0 r— — w 7 -s. 7 z ‘5 > C — 7 s H c —4 — ro —. C.+ I..) >- C... rJ 45’ 4- L/)CY . U > < i—i — o C I—I 7 IL. j%.. > D C ( LU — x * —‘ Li) IJ CD LI CD CD 4 .4 a—I I’ — D —.4 5/13
..RIT2(6,%0) VLSR,VISBS1 50 EORAT(1F1O,1oX,I’FIPULK VISCOSITY,’X,FlO.6. (F10c6,IX,811(KC/S 1)) 1X,1C1I(LB,HR FT),4X, C C PHYSTCAL C PRm:RTIFS EVALUATED AT IALL TEMPERATURE C C C CPWO .033+0 .00 162 :TW C PWS=CPW4 185 rCw=(6 YCWSITCWc0 80013 SGid-0. 1962 —O.C0O729-TW fl[NW=5 cw: 0 .99904 62 • 3 DEWS tSCW*0999O1O0OO AA=ALt’HA.\LOG10 (TW+3 .0 )‘B1TA BBr1O .0*AA CC-10 .0**BB CDCC—0.953 VI SWDENWSI0 0QI;cDD2 t.2 ‘/ISWSIDENJSI’0. CO1’DDO. 001 NUW=VI W/DENW 1HJ S I -VI SWS I IDE MWS I
Page 1 and 2:
1 ci 0 Ilc (i) s_ri P4 4) •,-1 0
Page 3 and 4:
ACKC’bJLED3E.:ENTS should like to
Page 5 and 6:
46 iixperimental Results 461 IntroJ
Page 7 and 8:
APPNNDICES 1. PHYSICal PRSPHTIES Oi
Page 9 and 10:
the major unresolved problem in hea
Page 11 and 12:
and time, fouling factors are usual
Page 13 and 14:
o F-I 0 U J ,ij cn J ‘I—I F3 Fl
Page 15 and 16:
—5— vary from less than 1 per c
Page 17 and 18:
2.2.3 Solubility refined paraffin w
Page 19 and 20:
-.9— whica is well novc condition
Page 21 and 22:
— -ii — deposit. Tronov statej
Page 23 and 24:
— 13 remain in solution and the p
Page 25 and 26:
- iuctoov and dorov concluded hat t
Page 27 and 28:
— 17 — a deporsiion ce:Ll in a
Page 29 and 30:
— 19 - toat sur:ace. hjsima.a ot
Page 31 and 32:
— 2 - S * .. -, ‘.: ,- - .-,-
Page 33 and 34:
and surface proueriez reapectlvely_
Page 35 and 36:
- 25 - loading to a random process
Page 37 and 38:
y - F’J CD:’ C) x— Dcpoit thi
Page 39 and 40:
0 C 15O— 200 From ref 2 of wax eo
Page 41 and 42:
0 o3 Tb 3D 0•0 L D 2 •O— Fg.2
Page 43 and 44:
2 I In 0 Tot -D -D U 16H 16 20, In
Page 45 and 46:
C CE) CL) CE) () .: rJ\: - . c: CD
Page 47 and 48:
400 function of roughness factor. m
Page 49 and 50:
— 2o — 3. i3:\CGRDU ND TO TI PR
Page 51 and 52:
3.5 Conclusions decreases At the in
Page 53 and 54:
L - A sz: CF Fo:;:NG BY SOLUTIONS O
Page 55 and 56:
was designed to cut off the steam s
Page 57 and 58:
• saLLy measures were tacen. oa:D
Page 59 and 60:
— 34 .4 ‘mrii:ntal Solution The
Page 61 and 62:
sections were ke-:t the same. fosi:
Page 63 and 64:
sectaon 4- at eajt tests sections h
Page 65 and 66:
These fluctuations were not reduced
Page 67 and 68:
ii ID XXX 9 C-) 0 (N x S x xx< 7r-
Page 69 and 70:
12— -; 11L. s 10E - 9: ‘3) 0 Ru
Page 71 and 72:
(1) U) C’) C) Cl) It) 0 0 0 0 ox
Page 73 and 74:
f-iq. 1.0-3.5.— Hecit trcinsfcr r
Page 75 and 76:
I--i Fig. f.6.3.7. I ;ut transfer r
Page 77 and 78:
0 C’) R — [feat transfer resist
Page 79 and 80:
characteristc does exist and is tyt
Page 81 and 82:
The ziuewor in the circulation syst
Page 83 and 84:
The calibrations o the tesperature
Page 85 and 86:
the solution and water o::a;es thro
Page 87 and 88:
‘-- 5,5 wocrinentsl Resuts with f
Page 89 and 90:
two hours, the deposits were observ
Page 91 and 92:
wcr: on ara:zic: c.eposc.tion consi
Page 93 and 94:
-- II 1 L1 SOLUIIOIJ C;IFCU1_/:[ION
Page 95 and 96:
SCAR FE 1 DEPOSITION PLATE - - 0 C)
Page 97 and 98:
M—AMOUNI DEPOSITED (mg) T1 0_i c)
Page 99 and 100:
C) 0 0 0 Li.] CD - 3 0 3 0 h Iii (E
Page 101 and 102:
- II -fl M—AMOUNT DEPOSITED (rng)
Page 103 and 104:
91 9) :< C) --z 9] mc-) .;J -i ru
Page 105 and 106:
.1 1• ci E 0 Ci) c) — nj
Page 107 and 108:
- . O, O, I— —,-, fouling studi
Page 109 and 110:
profiles at different Reynolds numb
Page 111 and 112:
L Run . (°c) used to calculate tem
Page 113 and 114:
Due to a concentration gradient the
Page 115 and 116:
1 I C. (1.2.2.2 \1L. I .OC[FY V [A[
Page 117 and 118:
V 40 - 0 C—, lt! -— o. ---—-
Page 119 and 120:
Li FIG. G.2.3./. TEMPERAI URE v RAD
Page 121 and 122:
— 1 7.0 0 --Tc.=10.0°C 50 140
Page 123 and 124:
— -- — -——— — -—Tb =
Page 125 and 126:
Z_o_—o-- 50 l0 - yX—--X— —-
Page 127 and 128:
I:302 00 50 Ito -0——— ---—-
Page 129 and 130:
I 50 ;) 30c’/ / C —------------
Page 131 and 132:
FIG. 6. 4.1. AN IDEEAL TEMPERATURE
Page 133 and 134:
— 63 — 7. DISCUSSIOI 7.1 Introd
Page 135 and 136:
— 65 — through it decreases gra
Page 137 and 138:
For breakdown and removal to occur
Page 139 and 140:
— 69 — the large fouling studie
Page 141 and 142:
Increased flowrate and temperature
Page 143:
— 72 — 8. ICOi’NDATTCNS It is
Page 146 and 147:
EEfiDN2WON
Page 148 and 149:
T TemDerature T = Average temperatu
Page 150 and 151:
= :ieat eddy dfusivity = Xoent eddy
Page 152 and 153:
in Exchar.ge: Tubes”, Chem. Engr.
Page 154 and 155:
Oil Gas J., 58 (38), 87—91 (Sept.
Page 156 and 157:
U U F--I C) (f
Page 158 and 159:
The o1ubi1ity of 5i/54°Cparafin wa
Page 160 and 161:
— — .‘.ti+ c:Lic gravity The
Page 162 and 163:
In section Al .4 the auount of pcra
Page 164 and 165:
0 •) X S (N U ‘0 -° CD c-) ( -
Page 166 and 167:
I-] H — C C) p 0’ H 0’ H CD C
Page 168 and 169:
fully refined paraffin wax in keros
Page 170 and 171:
— A12 — The cloud point decrens
Page 172 and 173:
— A3 — Tnble A2.1 Ca1culccd c i
Page 174 and 175:
calibration constants are given in
Page 176 and 177:
— Al? — Table A3.3.1 Calibratio
Page 178 and 179:
— A19 — APPENDIX 4 THE PRDGR’
Page 180 and 181:
C NC = C C REiCS EACH SET OF RE[iJC
Page 182 and 183:
13.42 7.40 7.SC 33.90 33.10 13.8 0.
Page 184 and 185:
TIME TI TO TKI TKC DPK EPW DPT V CF
Page 186 and 187:
81.15 7.45 7.7C 33.40 32.70 30.0 0.
Page 188 and 189:
RUN A1C—4 TIME 1WI TWO TKI TKC DP
Page 190 and 191:
RUN 82—6 TIME TiI TC TKI TKC OPK
Page 192 and 193:
TIME TWI TWO TKI TKC OPK CPW OPT V
Page 194 and 195:
RUN B7—1C TIME TWI TWC TKI TKO DP
Page 196 and 197:
RUN B9—12 T V’E ThI TWC TKI TKC
Page 198 and 199: RUN C1—1t T1’E IWI TWO TKI TKC
Page 200 and 201: PUN C2—15 TIME T’iI T0 TK1 TKC
Page 202 and 203: }U•” C-16 TIME TWI TWO TKI TKC
Page 204 and 205: TIME flit TC TKI TKO DPK DPW OPT V
Page 206 and 207: UN C5-18 TIME TWI TfD TKI TKO DPK C
Page 208 and 209: 14.25 7.IC 10.2C 39.10 38.00 8.8 0.
Page 210 and 211: RUNJ C8-2C T[’E TWE T0 TKI (Hg) (
Page 212 and 213: TIVE M)*2 C) TWI TWO TKI TKC DPK op
Page 214 and 215: Tt’iE TWI TC TKI TKO OPK CPW DPT
Page 216 and 217: — A23 — APPENDIX 5 OALT2RATTUNS
Page 218 and 219: T—- TEI\iFERATUFE (°C) —I’ U
Page 220 and 221: d Average C Table A5.2 0.0452 0.025
Page 222 and 223: 11.1 6.517 10.5 6.418 10.1 6.346 9.
Page 224 and 225: — A27 — Tib1e A6.2 Pun Dl .irn
Page 226 and 227: -A29- Table A6.4 Pun 1)3 ‘ Time (
Page 228 and 229: Time — A51 — Table A6.5 Run D5
Page 230 and 231: — A33 — APPENDIX 7 EOUNDARY LAY
Page 232 and 233: — ;55 — 1.7.3 Dimensionless Exp
Page 234 and 235: — = u — u = in — + ± + + or
Page 236 and 237: I A8.21 Data 2 Subroutines usng ite
Page 238 and 239: — ALf1 — Equations L.7.4.3 and
Page 240 and 241: — A1i•3 — Lt Prorran Use The
Page 242 and 243: DIM /\3.2./>. THE iJNI/E?j\I. \ELC)
Page 244 and 245: C DF1ENSIOH VIS(2.) REAL NUWSI INTE
Page 246 and 247: C C SUt3ROUTINE DATA INTEGER SR C C
Page 250 and 251: C C WRt 1E(6,’O) 60 FQR’AT(1HLf
Page 252 and 253: te 4Z’Xt’9’911’XZ’ 3DNVIS
Page 254 and 255: C C C C C )fl:O .0 DO ‘O 1=3,9,2
Page 256 and 257: C, .4:’. 0 0 —; —s iZ fl r;
Page 258 and 259: KINEMATIC VISCOSITY AT WALL 0.07407
Page 260 and 261: YP UP TP Y U T VIS TC CR PR 39.00 1
show all

paraffin wax deposition and fouling

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?