School of Engineering and Science - Jacobs University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

DISCUSSION transported around the world and released in environments where the new species can have severe impacts on the original biocoenosis, and therefore indirectly or directly on the human society (Shiganova et al., 2003, Gollasch, 2006, Gregg & Hallegraeff, 2007). Higher temperatures broaden the basis for such species invasions. In turn, cold-adapted species at the southernmost border of their geographic range can be suppressed by rising temperatures (Beaugrand et al., 2003), their occurrence can be restricted to colder seasons or they can disappear totally. As plankton forms the basis of the marine food web the effects of climate-induced biodiversity changes in the plankton are not yet assessable at the food web level but are possibly profound (Beaugrand & Kirby, 2010). Continuous plankton monitoring programs can reveal changes in the plankton community on an early stage and are therefore of utmost importance. Only in observing the roots of change an estimation of the consequences of change is possible. This short glimpse into potential impacts of climate change shows that assessing the role of microzooplankton in future climate scenarios is extremely difficult and further research is necessary to reveal the effects on microzooplankton and its implication for food web functioning. Outlook It is obvious that we are just beginning to understand the food web processes in the marine system. The results of the work presented here contribute to the elucidation of the role of dinoflagellates and ciliates in a small part of the marine food web of the North Sea. It is now clear that both groups are indeed fundamentally important intermediaries in terms of grazing as well as for transporting energy to higher trophic levels. In addition to these deeper insights, a lot of new questions have been raised from this study. Fundamental for a better understanding of its ecological role in the North Sea, we need to increase our knowledge on the species composition of microzooplankton. This can only be achieved by more detailed and continuous taxonomical observations. In combination with long-term data such as the Helgoland time series, such observations can provide a powerful tool to reveal the biotic and abiotic factors that drive microzooplankton abundance and composition. Having demonstrated the important role of microzooplankton during the course of a spring bloom, further investigations are now necessary for elucidating the role of microzooplankters as grazers and also as prey items during other specific times of the year. Clarifying interactive patterns between microzooplankton members has also been neglected up to date. However, as such interactions can have considerable effects on 138
DISCUSSION other trophic levels in the food web it is thus of the utmost importance to broaden our knowledge in this field by further laboratory experiments and mathematical modelling. Investigations on the role of the diverse community of microzooplankton in the food web will continue to be a challenge in the future especially against the backdrop of a changing climate. However, despite new insights into microzooplankton ecology arise continually, microzooplankton provides a great potential for future research. 139
Page 1 and 2:
The role of heterotrophic dinoflage
Page 3:
“What we know is a drop, what we
Page 7 and 8:
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Understan
Page 9 and 10:
INTRODUCTION flagellates) and metaz
Page 11 and 12:
INTRODUCTION The remaining species
Page 13 and 14:
INTRODUCTION Figure 4: Diplopsalis
Page 15 and 16:
INTRODUCTION compared to dinoflagel
Page 17:
INTRODUCTION “seawater dilution t
Page 20 and 21:
RESEARCH AIMS Apart from the pure g
Page 22 and 23:
OUTLINE OF THE THESIS the two diffe
Page 25 and 26:
CHAPTER I CHAPTER I Dinoflagellates
Page 27 and 28:
CHAPTER I Dinoflagellates and cilia
Page 29 and 30:
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Marine resea
Page 31 and 32:
CHAPTER I counted out at 200-fold m
Page 33 and 34:
CHAPTER I Dinoflagellates closely f
Page 35 and 36:
CHAPTER I Figure 3: Biomass [µgC L
Page 37 and 38:
CHAPTER I prevents confusion with o
Page 39 and 40:
CHAPTER I Figure 6: Comparison of c
Page 41:
CHAPTER I should therefore occur on
Page 44 and 45:
CHAPTER II 38
Page 46 and 47:
CHAPTER II ABSTRACT Grazing experim
Page 48 and 49:
CHAPTER II application, the alterna
Page 50 and 51:
CHAPTER II Experiment 2 Experiment
Page 52 and 53:
CHAPTER II Ciliates The three most
Page 54 and 55:
CHAPTER II Experiment 2 Microzoopla
Page 56 and 57:
CHAPTER II Asterisk * 1 symbolizes
Page 58 and 59:
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION Transfer tech
Page 60 and 61:
CHAPTER II bottles when siphoning w
Page 62 and 63:
CHAPTER II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This st
Page 64 and 65:
CHAPTER III 58
Page 66 and 67:
CHAPTER III ABSTRACT Mesocosm exper
Page 68 and 69:
CHAPTER III the prey (Cowles et al.
Page 70 and 71:
CHAPTER III The mesocosms were stir
Page 72 and 73:
CHAPTER III Net growth of plankton
Page 74 and 75:
CHAPTER III prior to the experiment
Page 76 and 77:
CHAPTER III incubation bottles with
Page 78 and 79:
CHAPTER III Data analysis To monito
Page 80 and 81:
CHAPTER III General development of
Page 82 and 83:
CHAPTER III Ciliate community After
Page 84 and 85:
CHAPTER III Other microzooplankton
Page 86 and 87:
CHAPTER III Microzooplankton Experi
Page 88 and 89:
CHAPTER III Figure 6: (6a) General
Page 90 and 91:
CHAPTER III Table 3: Temora longico
Page 92 and 93:
CHAPTER III Table 4: Temora longico
Page 94 and 95: CHAPTER III The comparison of mesoc
Page 96 and 97: CHAPTER III Flagellates contributed
Page 98 and 99: CHAPTER III The effort to capture,
Page 100 and 101: CHAPTER III in words and deeds. Man
Page 102 and 103: CHAPTER III Table 2 Microzooplankto
Page 104 and 105: CHAPTER III Table 3b Temora longico
Page 106 and 107: CHAPTER III Table 4b Temora longico
Page 108 and 109: CHAPTER IV 102
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER IV ABSTRACT The intra-speci
Page 112 and 113: CHAPTER IV Hansen, 1997). In turn,
Page 114 and 115: CHAPTER IV out in F/2 medium over 7
Page 116 and 117: CHAPTER IV the same patterns in G.
Page 118 and 119: CHAPTER IV Figure 1: General develo
Page 120 and 121: CHAPTER IV Favella ehrenbergii (Fig
Page 122 and 123: CHAPTER IV (24, 48, 72 hours of inc
Page 124 and 125: CHAPTER IV Growth response of G. do
Page 126 and 127: CHAPTER IV due to pre-conditioning
Page 128 and 129: CHAPTER IV This was also confirmed
Page 130 and 131: 124
Page 132 and 133: DISCUSSION described by competition
Page 134 and 135: DISCUSSION to know who they are. Th
Page 136 and 137: DISCUSSION Microzooplankton grazers
Page 138 and 139: DISCUSSION Figure 1: A rather simpl
Page 140 and 141: DISCUSSION 1986, Tillmann, 2004) co
Page 142 and 143: DISCUSSION To my knowledge similar
Page 146 and 147: 140
Page 148 and 149: SUMMARY by its larger competitor. T
Page 150 and 151: REFERENCES Buskey, E.J. & Stoecker,
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCES Gentsch, E., Kreibich, T
Page 154 and 155: REFERENCES Jeong, H.J., Yoo, Y.D.,
Page 156 and 157: REFERENCES Montagnes, D.J.S., 2003.
Page 158 and 159: REFERENCES Rose, J.M. & Caron, D.A.
Page 160 and 161: REFERENCES Teixeira, I.G. & Figueir
Page 162 and 163: 156
Page 164 and 165: 158
show all

School of Engineering and Science - Jacobs University

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?