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CHAPTER III General development of the spring bloom Starting with 44 µgC L -1 phytoplankton biomass, the spring bloom evolved immediately and reached its maximum at 269 µgC L -1 within the first eight days of the experiment (24.03.09) (Figure 1). At this exponential phase phytoplankton had a maximal net growth rate of 0.48 d -1 (18.-20.03.09) and a mean net growth rate of 0.23 d -1 (16.- 24.03.09). During the following three weeks the biomass decreased at a mean rate of - 0.05 d -1 to a final value of 84 µgC L -1 . Microzooplankton, starting with 14 µgC L -1 , followed the phytoplankton bloom with a delay of roughly a week and peaked on the 30.03.09 with 124 µgC L -1 (Figure 1). Microzooplankton reached growth rates of up to 0.27 d -1 (23.-24.03.09) but grew at a mean rate of 0.16 d -1 . Until the end of the experiment microzooplankton biomass decreased at a mean rate of -0.15 d -1 to 12 µgC L -1 , i.e. close to the starting value. Phytoplankton composition The spring bloom was dominated by diatoms and small flagellates (five size classes of 5 – 25 µm length) see Figure 3a+b. While flagellates contributed 34% to phytoplankton biomass at the start they played only a minor role during the bloom phase. The bloom itself was dominated by diatoms (96%) of the genera Chaetoceros (C. danicus and other Chaetoceros spp. of different size classes), Thalassiosira (T. rotula and T. nordernskjoeldii) and Rhizosolenia (R. stylisformis/hebetata group and R. pungens), each genus contributing roughly one third. In the later bloom phase Thalassiosira became more dominant and represented up to 49% of the phytoplankton carbon. The category ‘other diatoms’ (Pseudonitzschia spp., Navicula spp., Asterionellopsis glacialis and others) contributed only 1-4% to the phytoplankton biomass. Flagellate biomass peaked four days earlier than the diatoms and showed a steeper decline. Along with decreasing diatom shares, it increased again to around 20% of the total phytoplankton carbon in the last week of the experiment. 74
CHAPTER III Figure 3: Phytoplankton species succession (3a) and development of diatom and flagellate carbon biomass (3b) during the mesocosm experiment. Mean values of the three mesocosms. Microzooplankton composition Microzooplankton (Figure 4) comprised four groups: Dinoflagellates, ciliates, rotifers and thecate amoebae, whereby ciliates and dinoflagellates dominated during the first three weeks of the experiment. Due to their very low abundances other metazoans like nauplii or polychaete larvae were detected only sporadically and were neglected in our analyses. 75
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The role of heterotrophic dinoflage
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“What we know is a drop, what we
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INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Understan
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INTRODUCTION flagellates) and metaz
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INTRODUCTION The remaining species
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INTRODUCTION Figure 4: Diplopsalis
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INTRODUCTION compared to dinoflagel
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INTRODUCTION “seawater dilution t
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RESEARCH AIMS Apart from the pure g
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OUTLINE OF THE THESIS the two diffe
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CHAPTER I CHAPTER I Dinoflagellates
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CHAPTER I Dinoflagellates and cilia
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Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER I Figure 6: Comparison of c
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Page 46 and 47: CHAPTER II ABSTRACT Grazing experim
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Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER II Experiment 2 Experiment
Page 52 and 53: CHAPTER II Ciliates The three most
Page 54 and 55: CHAPTER II Experiment 2 Microzoopla
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Page 58 and 59: CHAPTER II DISCUSSION Transfer tech
Page 60 and 61: CHAPTER II bottles when siphoning w
Page 62 and 63: CHAPTER II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This st
Page 64 and 65: CHAPTER III 58
Page 66 and 67: CHAPTER III ABSTRACT Mesocosm exper
Page 68 and 69: CHAPTER III the prey (Cowles et al.
Page 70 and 71: CHAPTER III The mesocosms were stir
Page 72 and 73: CHAPTER III Net growth of plankton
Page 74 and 75: CHAPTER III prior to the experiment
Page 76 and 77: CHAPTER III incubation bottles with
Page 78 and 79: CHAPTER III Data analysis To monito
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER III Ciliate community After
Page 84 and 85: CHAPTER III Other microzooplankton
Page 86 and 87: CHAPTER III Microzooplankton Experi
Page 88 and 89: CHAPTER III Figure 6: (6a) General
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER III Table 3: Temora longico
Page 92 and 93: CHAPTER III Table 4: Temora longico
Page 94 and 95: CHAPTER III The comparison of mesoc
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Page 98 and 99: CHAPTER III The effort to capture,
Page 100 and 101: CHAPTER III in words and deeds. Man
Page 102 and 103: CHAPTER III Table 2 Microzooplankto
Page 104 and 105: CHAPTER III Table 3b Temora longico
Page 106 and 107: CHAPTER III Table 4b Temora longico
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Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER IV ABSTRACT The intra-speci
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Page 116 and 117: CHAPTER IV the same patterns in G.
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Page 124 and 125: CHAPTER IV Growth response of G. do
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124
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DISCUSSION described by competition
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DISCUSSION to know who they are. Th
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DISCUSSION Microzooplankton grazers
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DISCUSSION Figure 1: A rather simpl
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DISCUSSION 1986, Tillmann, 2004) co
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DISCUSSION To my knowledge similar
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DISCUSSION transported around the w
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SUMMARY by its larger competitor. T
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REFERENCES Buskey, E.J. & Stoecker,
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REFERENCES Gentsch, E., Kreibich, T
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REFERENCES Jeong, H.J., Yoo, Y.D.,
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REFERENCES Montagnes, D.J.S., 2003.
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REFERENCES Rose, J.M. & Caron, D.A.
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REFERENCES Teixeira, I.G. & Figueir
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