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REFERENCES Gentsch, E., Kreibich, T., Hagen, W. & Niehoff, B., 2009. Dietary shifts in the copepod Temora longicornis during spring: evidence from stable isotope signatures, fatty acid biomarkers and feeding experiments. Journal of Plankton Research, 31(1), 45-60. Gerritsen, J. & Strickler, J.R., 1977. Encounter probabilities and community structure in zooplankton: a mathematical model. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 34(1), 73-82. Gifford, D.J., 1985. Laboratory culture of marine planktonic oligotrichs (Ciliophora, Oligotrichida). Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 23 (3 ), 257-267. Gifford, D.J., 1991. The protozoan-metazoan trophic link in pelagic ecosystems. Journal of Protozoology, 38(1), 81-86. Gifford, D.J. & Dagg, M.J., 1988. Feeding of the estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa Dana: Carnivory vs. herbivory in natural microplankton assemblages. Bulletin of Marine Science, 43(3), 458-468. Goberville, E., Beaugrand, G., Sautour, B. & Treguer, P., 2010. Climate-driven changes in coastal marine systems of western Europe. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 408, 129-159. Gollasch, S., 2006. Overview on introduced aquatic species in European navigational and adjacent waters. Helgoland Marine Research, 60(2), 84-89. Gottschling, M., Knop, R., Plotner, J., Kirsch, M., Willems, H. & Keupp, H., 2005. A molecular phylogeny of Scrippsiella sensu lato (Calciodinellaceae, Dinophyta) with interpretations on morphology and distribution. European Journal of Phycology, 40(2), 207-220. Gowen, R.J. & Stewart, B.M., 2005. The Irish Sea: Nutrient status and phytoplankton. Journal of Sea Research, 54(1), 36-50. Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K. & Ehrhardt, M. (eds.), 1999. Methods of seawater analysis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag. Gregg, M.D. & Hallegraeff, G.M., 2007. Efficacy of three commercially available ballast water biocides against vegetative microalgae, dinoflagellate cysts and bacteria. Harmful Algae, 6(4), 567-584. Greve, W., Reiners, F., Nast, J. & Hoffmann, S., 2004. Helgoland Roads meso- and macrozooplankton time-series 1974 to 2004: lessons from 30 years of single spot, high frequency sampling at the only off-shore island of the North Sea. Helgoland Marine Research, 58(4), 274-288. Guillard, R.R.L. & Ryther, J.H., 1962. Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea (Cleve) Gran.. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 8(2), 229-239. Hamels, I., Mussche, H., Sabbe, K., Muylaert, K. & Vyverman, W., 2004. Evidence for constant and highly specific active food selection by benthic ciliates in mixed diatoms assemblages. Limnology and Oceanography, 49(1), 58-68. Hansen, F.C., Reckermann, M., Klein Breteler, W.C.M. & Riegman, R., 1993. Phaeocystis Blooming Enhanced by Copepod Predation on Protozoa - Evidence from Incubation Experiments. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 102(1-2), 51-57. Hansen, P.J., 1991. Quatitative importance and trophic role of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in a coastal pelagial food web. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 73(2-3), 253-261. Hansen, P.J., 1992. Prey size selection, feeding rates and growth dynamics of heterotrophic dinoflagellates with special emphasis on Gyrodinium spirale. Marine Biology, 114(2), 327-334. Hansen, P.J. & Calado, A.J., 1999. Phagotrophic mechanisms and prey selection in freeliving dinoflagellates. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 46(4), 382-389. 146
REFERENCES Heinbokel, J.F., 1978a. Studies on the Functional Role of Tintinnids in the Southern California Bight. I. Grazing and Growth Rates in Laboratory Cultures. Marine Biology, 47(2), 177-189. Heinbokel, J.F., 1978b. Studies on the Functional Role of Tintinnids in the Southern California Bight. II. Grazing rates of field populations. Marine Biology, 47(2), 191-197. Heinbokel, J.F. & Beers, J.R., 1979. Studies on the Functional Role of Tintinnids in the Southern California Bight. III. Grazing impact of natural assemblages. Marine Biology, 52(1), 23-32. Hernandez-Becerril, D.U., Rodriguez-Palacio, M.C. & Lozano-Ramirez, C., 2010. Morphology of two bloom-forming or potentially toxic marine dinoflagellates from the Mexican Pacific, Heterocapsa pygmaea and Protoceratium reticulatum (Dinophyceae). Cryptogamie Algologie, 31(2), 245-254. Hillebrand, H., Dürselen, C.-D., Kirschtel, D., Pollingher, U. & Zohary, T., 1999. Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. Journal of Phycology, 35(2), 403-424. Hoppenrath, M., 2004. A revised checklist of planktonic diatoms and dinoflagellates from Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight). Helgoland Marine Research, 58(4), 243-251. Hoppenrath, M., Elbrächter, M. & Drebes, G., 2009. Marine Phytoplankton: selected microphytoplankton species from the North Sea around Helgoland and Sylt. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller). Hutchinson, G.E., 1961. The Paradox of the Plankton. The American Naturalist, 95(882), 137. IPCC, 2007. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (eds. R.K. Pachauri and A. Reisinger), pp. 104. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC. Irigoien, X., Flynn, K.J. & Harris, R.P., 2005. Phytoplankton blooms: a 'loophole' in microzooplankton grazing impact? Journal of Plankton Research, 27(4), 313-321. Jackson, K.M. & Berger, J., 1985. Survivorship Curves of Ciliate Protozoa under Starvation Conditions and at Low Bacterial Levels. Protistologica, 21(1), 17-24. Jacobson, D.M. & Anderson, D.M., 1986. Thecate Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates - Feeding-Behavior and Mechanisms. Journal of Phycology, 22(3), 249-258. Jakobsen, H.H., 2001. Escape response of planktonic protists to fluid mechanical signals. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 214, 67–78. Jakobsen, H.H., 2002. Escape of protists in predator-generated feeding currents. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 26(3), 271–281. Jakobsen, H.H., Everett, L.M. & Strom, S.L., 2006. Hydromechanical signaling between the ciliate Mesodinium pulex and motile protist prey. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 44, 197-206. Jakobsen, H.H. & Hansen, P.J., 1997. Prey size selection, grazing and growth response of the small heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium sp. and the ciliate Balanion comatum - a comparative study. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 158, 75-86. Jensen, T.C. & Hessen, D.O., 2007. Does excess dietary carbon affect respiration of Daphnia? Oecologia, 152(2), 191-200. Jeong, H.J., 1999. The ecological role of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in marine plankton community. Journal of Eucaryotic Microbiology, 46, 390-396. Jeong, H.J., Shim, J.H., Kim, J.S., Park, J.Y., Lee, C.W. & Lee, Y., 1999. Feeding by the mixotrophic thecate dinoflagellate Fragilidium cf. mexicanum on red-tide and toxic dinoflagellates. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 176, 263-277. 147
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The role of heterotrophic dinoflage
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“What we know is a drop, what we
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INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Understan
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INTRODUCTION flagellates) and metaz
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INTRODUCTION The remaining species
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INTRODUCTION Figure 4: Diplopsalis
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INTRODUCTION compared to dinoflagel
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INTRODUCTION “seawater dilution t
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RESEARCH AIMS Apart from the pure g
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OUTLINE OF THE THESIS the two diffe
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CHAPTER I CHAPTER I Dinoflagellates
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CHAPTER I Dinoflagellates and cilia
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Marine resea
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CHAPTER I counted out at 200-fold m
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CHAPTER I Dinoflagellates closely f
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CHAPTER I Figure 3: Biomass [µgC L
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CHAPTER I prevents confusion with o
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CHAPTER I Figure 6: Comparison of c
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CHAPTER I should therefore occur on
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CHAPTER II 38
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CHAPTER II ABSTRACT Grazing experim
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CHAPTER II application, the alterna
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CHAPTER II Experiment 2 Experiment
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CHAPTER II Ciliates The three most
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CHAPTER II Experiment 2 Microzoopla
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CHAPTER II Asterisk * 1 symbolizes
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CHAPTER II DISCUSSION Transfer tech
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CHAPTER II bottles when siphoning w
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CHAPTER II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This st
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CHAPTER III 58
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CHAPTER III ABSTRACT Mesocosm exper
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CHAPTER III the prey (Cowles et al.
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CHAPTER III The mesocosms were stir
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CHAPTER III Net growth of plankton
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CHAPTER III prior to the experiment
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CHAPTER III incubation bottles with
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CHAPTER III Data analysis To monito
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CHAPTER III General development of
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CHAPTER III Ciliate community After
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CHAPTER III Other microzooplankton
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CHAPTER III Microzooplankton Experi
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CHAPTER III Figure 6: (6a) General
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CHAPTER III Table 3: Temora longico
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CHAPTER III Table 4: Temora longico
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CHAPTER III The comparison of mesoc
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CHAPTER III Flagellates contributed
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CHAPTER III The effort to capture,
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CHAPTER III in words and deeds. Man
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Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER IV ABSTRACT The intra-speci
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Page 116 and 117: CHAPTER IV the same patterns in G.
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Page 134 and 135: DISCUSSION to know who they are. Th
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Page 148 and 149: SUMMARY by its larger competitor. T
Page 150 and 151: REFERENCES Buskey, E.J. & Stoecker,
Page 154 and 155: REFERENCES Jeong, H.J., Yoo, Y.D.,
Page 156 and 157: REFERENCES Montagnes, D.J.S., 2003.
Page 158 and 159: REFERENCES Rose, J.M. & Caron, D.A.
Page 160 and 161: REFERENCES Teixeira, I.G. & Figueir
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