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GRAMMAR 15<br />
gast, Goth, gasts, guest', OHG. tag, OS. dag, Goth, dags,<br />
day; OHG. bant ( 178), OS. OE. Goth, band, he bound',<br />
OHG. OS. Goth, nam ( 179),<br />
he took; OHG. gab ( 180),<br />
OS. Goth, gaf, he gave.<br />
43. a became e when f<strong>ol</strong>lowed by an i or j in the next<br />
syllable, for examples see 41. This i-umlaut of a did not,<br />
however, take place in the f<strong>ol</strong>lowing cases :<br />
1. Before ht, hs, or consonant + w, as maht, power, pi.<br />
mahti ; wahsit, he grows, inf. wahsan ;<br />
bi-scatwen from<br />
*soatwjan, to shade.<br />
2. In Upper German before 1 + consonant, before hh, ch<br />
(<br />
= Germanic k, 84), and often before r + consonant, and<br />
before h (<br />
= Germanic h),<br />
as<br />
UG. haltit beside UFr. heltit,<br />
he h<strong>ol</strong>ds, inf. haltan ;<br />
UG. altiro beside UFr. eltiro, <strong>ol</strong>der ;<br />
UG. sachit beside UFr. sehhit, he quarrels, inf. sachan,<br />
Goth, sakan ;<br />
UG. warmen beside wermen, Goth, warmjan,<br />
to warm; slahit beside slebit, he strikes, inf. OHG. Goth,<br />
slahan.<br />
3. In words ending in -nissi, -nissa, or -lih, as firstantnissi,<br />
understanding; kraftllh, strong; tagalih, daily.<br />
e<br />
44. Germanic e (usually written e in order to distinguish<br />
it from the e which arose from the i-umlaut of a) generally<br />
remained in OHG., as OHG. OS. OE. weg, way; OHG.<br />
OS. OE. helm, helm; OHG. helfan, OS. OE. helpan, to<br />
OHG. OS. OE. stelan, to steal; OHG. e^an, OS. OE.<br />
help',<br />
etan, to eat.<br />
Germ, e became i in OHG. when f<strong>ol</strong>lowed by<br />
a u in the<br />
next syllable, as hilfu, I help, biru, / bear, gibu, I give,<br />
beside inf. helfan, beran, geban ; OHG. sibun, OS. sebun,
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