Vacuum Design Constraints and Considerations - Owens Design
Vacuum Design Constraints and Considerations - Owens Design
Vacuum Design Constraints and Considerations - Owens Design
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<strong>Vacuum</strong> History<br />
• Evangelista Torricelli was the first person credited with creating<br />
a vacuum 1643 <strong>and</strong> also invented the barometer. This was in<br />
an attempt underst<strong>and</strong> why a suction pump could only raise<br />
water to 32 feet.<br />
• Robert Boyle (1627-1691) used a von Guericke pump,<br />
improved by the young Robert Hooke, to investigate the<br />
vacuum <strong>and</strong> the general properties of gases <strong>and</strong> gas pressure<br />
• Engl<strong>and</strong>. Papin invented the Pressure Cooker<br />
• Currently one of the most impressive bits of artificial emptiness<br />
is created in the particle accelerators. The large electronpositron<br />
collider (LEP) at CERN gets down to a pressure of 10-<br />
12 Torr or 1.3*10-10 Pa This corresponds to a particle density<br />
of about 1011 hydrogen molecules per cubic meter.<br />
• To a first approximation the average density of the universe is<br />
about 1 hydrogen atom per m3
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