PRA-Manual Embracing Participitation tools-only.pdf - PACA

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3.14 EMBRACING PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT: Wisdom from the Field the process. Since there are several facilitators functioning at the same time, they need to have a shared understanding of the process. Second, daily review of the process is crucial to gauge the progress. Review and reflection enables the facilitators and the supervisors to assess whether the analysis carried out is in-depth and clear. It also enables facilitators to learn from each other. Third, poor or inadequate documentation is another factor that can affect the quality of the assessments. Last, and perhaps the most important, is being rigorous about triangulation. 1.14 Points worth remembering in the field 1.14.1 Don’t lose sight of the objectives The most important point to remember as a facilitator of a participatory appraisal is not to lose sight of the objectives of the appraisal. It is very easy to get carried away by the quantum of information generated during such a process. The facilitators have to be careful about ensuring the quality and depth of the analysis rather than discussing too many issues with no real depth of understanding on them. Reflection is an important aspect of this process. Part 3 1.14.2 Establish a ‘Group Contract’ for facilitators Coordination and a good understanding among the facilitators are also very important. It helps to discuss individual behavior and attitudes (of the facilitators) before going out in the field. Many facilitators find it useful to prepare a comm<strong>only</strong> agreed ‘group contract’ before starting out in the field. This contract comprises a set of behavioral norms collectively decided by the team of facilitators in relation to how they will relate to each other during fieldwork and also with members of the community. Such a contract acts as a reminder to us when we are in the field. It also helps in giving feedback to fellow facilitators and team members and in reflecting on our experience. Following is an example of a group contract used by the team while facilitating participatory appraisals with the adolescents in Lusaka Compounds. TEAM GROUP CONTRACT We agree to: ~ practice active listening (18) ; ~ be punctual; ~ be respectful towards the community members; ~ not to be biased against any individual or group; ~ try to put in my best efforts and work hard; and ~ not to argue amongst ourselves in front of the community members. Source: Field notes of Meera Kaul Shah, Chawama Compound, Lusaka, Zambia
EMBRACING PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT: Wisdom from the Field 3.15 Giving feedback to each other is a good way of reminding ourselves of the group contract. 1.14.3 How to ask questions Sensitive facilitation is the key to a successful participatory appraisal. Facilitators have to be good listeners. Other qualities that are necessary for good facilitation are patience, ability to work in a team, good communication skills and cultural sensitivity. Facilitators should also know how to ask open-ended questions and to refrain from asking closed questions. Using the following seven helpers can enable the facilitators to ask open-ended probing questions: What? Why? When? Who? Where? How? How much? (19) 1.14.4 Verify and triangulate results Facilitators also need to remind themselves constantly about triangulating the information generated from any analysis. It is important to ensure that the views and the concerns of all the different groups within the community have been heard and analyzed. Diversity within any community can be on account of social hierarchies, economic or well-being categories, gender, age, location (especially in urban settlements), etc. During appraisals with the adolescents in Zambia we also included differences according to those who attend school and those who don’t. Part 3 1.14.5 Seek local terminology and definitions It is important to be clear about the terminology, and the definitions, used by the local people. Very often what we assume to be a standard meaning of a term may not be the case in that area. This can cause confusion and misinterpretation of data. Attempts should be made from the start to understand the local terminology and how these are defined before we start using the same in the appraisal.
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