PRA-Manual Embracing Participitation tools-only.pdf - PACA

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3.48 EMBRACING PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT: Wisdom from the Field The following example shows how a group of boys analyzed the reasons for early initiation of sex among girls using the pair-wise method. PAIR-WISE RANKING OF REASONS FOR EARLY SEXUAL INITIATION OF GIRLS (Analyzed by a group of boys, Chawama Compound) (Shah and Nakhama, 1996) Anzabo Bana Ndalama Kumvela Bwino Reasons (peer pressure) (children) (money) (pleasure) Kumvela Bwino (pleasure) Pleasure Pleasure Money X Ndalama (money) Money Money x X Bana (children) Children X X X Anzabo (peer pressure) X X X X Total Score 0 1 3 2 Rank D C A B NOTE: The above analysis shows that this group of boys feels that money is the main reason why girls initiate sex early. The next most important reason being pleasure, followed by the need for having children. The boys felt that there is little peer pressure among the girls (as compared to that among the boys). It must be noted that while the pair-wise ranking method is very easy to use, it lacks the depth of analysis that is possible by using the matrix scoring method. Part 3 Pair-wise ranking of common health problems by community members in Kibungo Prefecture, Rwanda
EMBRACING PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT: Wisdom from the Field 3.49 2.8 Causal-impact analysis (flow diagrams) Flow diagrams are very useful for understanding the causes and impact of an event, problem or activity on people’s lives. They also help in identifying links between different causes and impact. This analysis helps in initiating a discussion with the participants on how the problem can be approached and the types of inputs required to improve the situation. A completed flow diagram prepared by young men in Nyeknakpoe, Lomé. It helps to use this method during later stages of the appraisal, after the group has brought up several issues during the discussions. Prior discussions help in selecting a topic that has been surfacing repeatedly during the analysis. Results from preference ranking analysis can also be used to initiate a causalimpact analysis. This method helps in analyzing a problem in totality rather than discussing it in abstract. STEPS 1. Select a topic for analysis. 2. The analysis can start with discussing the causes leading to that problem or activity. 3. These can be drawn as a flow diagram on the ground or on paper. 4. The impact or effect can similarly be drawn on the diagram. 5. Different colors can be used for the causes and the impact. 6. Links can be discussed between different causes and impact. 7. Keep asking if there are any other causes or results of the problem or activity. We can also probe into further impact of the results. 8. Both, the causes and the impact, can be given ranks or scores to analyze their intensity. Part 3 Flow diagrams can also be prepared showing <strong>only</strong> the causes or <strong>only</strong> the impact of an event, problem or activity.
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